Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte

Motivational factors as predictors of young basketball players´ intention to be physically active

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar el poder de predicción del clima motivacional percibido, la satisfacción de las necesidades y la motivación intrínseca sobre la intención de seguir siendo físicamente activo de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Se administró un cuestionario a 261 jugadores de baloncesto de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años. Los resultados del análisis de regresión mostraron que el clima motivacional que implica tarea, la competencia, la relación con los demás y la motivación intrínseca predecía de forma positiva y estadísticamente significativa la intención de ser físicamente activo (F = 24.02; p < .001), obteniendo una varianza explicada del 32%. Coincidimos con otros estudios, en destacar la importancia de que los entrenadores intenten fomentar un clima motivacional de implicación a la tarea en sus deportistas, así como facilitar la satisfacción de sus necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación intrínseca, ya que estas estrategias favorecen la intención de continuar con la práctica deportiva. Por tanto, climas en las que los entrenadores fomenten y valoren el esfuerzo, la mejora personal, el aprendizaje cooperativo, las relaciones sociales entre los compañeros, donde el deportista se sienta competente y motivado, van a ser propicios para que estos deportistas mantengan la práctica.

The primary objective of the present study was to analyse the prediction power of the perceived motivational climate, the satisfaction of the needs, and the intrinsic motivation on the intention to continue being physically active in young basketball players. A questionnaire was administered to 261 basketball players between the ages of 12 and 17 years. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated that the task-oriented climate, competence, relatedness, and intrinsic motivation positively and statistically significantly predicted the intention to be physically active (F = 24.02; p < .001), obtaining an explained variance of 32%. We concur with other studies in highlighting the importance of coaches fostering a task-oriented climate for his or her athletes, as well as facilitating the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation, since these strategies favour the intention to continue with sports practice. Therefore, climates in which the coaches foster and value effort, personal improvement, cooperative learning, social relationships between teammates, and where the athlete feels competent and motivated, are ideal for athletes to continue practicing.

Psychometric properties of the basketball portuguese version of the motivational climate scale for youth sports

O presente estudo analisa as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa para jovens atletas de basquetebol do Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports (MCSYS). No estudo participaram 441 jogadores de basquetebol (206 masculinos e 235 femininos) com idades compreendidas entre 11 e 16 anos (M=14.40; SD=1.27). Como processo de validação, utilizou-se o método designado de abordagem por comité (committee approach), análise da consistência interna através do coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach, análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). A análise da confiabilidade do questionário foi considerada adequada, sendo os valores superiores a .70. Quanto aos indicadores de validade de constructo, obtidos por meio da AFC, apresentaram valores aceitáveis para todos os índices. Finalmente, encontrámos um apoio preliminar para a validade de constructo do MCSYS, evidência suficiente para avaliação do clima motivacional em jovens atletas de basquetebol.

The present study analyses the psychometric properties of the Portuguese athletes of basketball version of the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports (MCSYS). The sample comprises 441baskeball athletes (206 males and 235 females), with a mean age of 14.40 (SD= 1.27). The methods used in the MCSYS, validation process were: committee approach, internal consistency reliability via the Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. According to literature, the analysis of the general reliability of the MCSYS and its dimensions generated adequate results, since all Cronbach alpha levels exceeded the value of 0.70. The factor validity indicatives, obtained through confirmatory factorial analysis, were acceptable for all indices. Lastly, we found preliminary support for the validity of the construct of the MCSYS, which is sufficient evidence to justify its use to measure the motivational climate in young Portuguese basketball athletes.

Incidental learning value in basketball decision making and control motor

En la mayor parte de las situaciones que se producen en el baloncesto, el jugador debe tomar decisiones en un momento concreto de una fracción de tiempo muy limitada, mientras de forma simultánea ejecuta respuestas motoras también inmediatas. Son reacciones motoras rápidas tomadas en situación de presión, donde no tiene tiempo para reflexionar (Kibele, 2006). Estas decisiones parecen basarse en la intuición (Iglesias, Cárdenas & Alarcón, 2007) y se relacionan con el aprendizaje incidental (Poolton, Masters & Maxwell, 2006). En un deporte como el baloncesto donde el tiempo es muy reducido y se necesita ejecutar de manera simultánea una respuesta motora inmediata, los procesos intuitivos parecen que pueden proporcionar la exactitud y la rapidez deseada (Raab & Johnson, 2008), favoreciendo que se produzca una toma de decisión eficaz en condición de estrés, con límite de tiempo y poca información. Teniendo en cuenta que los procesos deliberados y automáticos funcionan simultáneamente y que en su conjunto forman el pensamiento y la acción (Betsch, 2008), nosotros abogamos por un modelo integrado que tenga en cuenta a ambos, pues como afirman Sun, Slusarz & Terry (2005), los procesos incidentales e intencionales coexisten e interactúan para formar el aprendizaje y el rendimiento.

In most of the situations arisen in basketball, the player must take decisions at a given moment within a very limited time fraction, whereas, in a simultaneous way, he carries out motor-responses also immediately. They are rapid motor-reactions taken under pressure situations, when he has no time to think twice about it (Kibele, 2006). These decisions seem to be based on intuition (Iglesias, Cárdenas & Alarcón, 2007) and are connected to incidental learning (Poolton, Masters & Maxwell, 2006). In sports like basketball, where time is very reduced and it is necessary to simultaneously give an immediate motor-answer, intuitive processes appear to be able to render the necessary precision and speed (Raab & Johnson, 2008), thus improving an efficient decision-taking under stress conditions, limited time available and little information. Bearing in mind that deliberate and automatic processes work simultaneously, and that, altogether, they form up thinking an action (Betsch, 2008), we favour a model which takes into consideration both of them, since, as per Sun, Slusarz & Terry (2005), incidental and intentional processes do coexist and they interact in order to arrive to learning and performance.

Dynamics of changes in jump shot performance and its relationship with increased neuromuscular power in women´s basketball

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a dinâmica das alterações do índice técnico do arremesso jump (ITA) através de ajustes cinemáticos e a correlação destes com aptidão neuromuscular de potencia (ANMP) no basquetebol feminino. Para isso foram selecionadas dezesseis atletas profissionais (idade média de 22,49 ±5,2 anos; massa corporal 71,42 ±11,47 kg; estatura 180,12± 10,25cm.) pertencentes a uma mesma equipe participante da Liga Brasileira de Basquete Feminino (LBF). As atletas foram divididas em dois grupos, onde cada um recebeu seu protocolo de treinamento de potencia muscular diferente no decorrer de oito semanas, tendo seu ITA e sua ANMP avaliados em seis etapas durante e após a intervenção nas variáveis antropométricas, de potencia muscular de membros superiores e inferiores e no ITA. Os resultados apresentaram um aumento significativo na ANMP (p<0,05) do grupo que recebeu um protocolo de treinamento de cargas seletivas em relação ao grupo que recebeu um protocolo de treinamento de cargas concentradas. Essa diferença significativa refletiu-se no grau de correlação (p<0,001) das variáveis do grupo seletivo em relação ao grupo de cargas concentradas alterando consequentemente de modo distinto o ajuste cinemático do ITA entre os grupos. Concluímos que o grupo que recebeu um treinamento com cargas seletivas obteve uma melhor eficácia no índice técnico do arremesso e isso esteve diretamente relacionado com a melhora da aptidão neuromuscular de potencia desse grupo.

The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of changes in the jump shot indicator (ITA) by means of kinematics adjustments and the correlation of these adjustments with increased neuromuscular power (ANMP) in women´s basketball. Therefore, sixteen professional athletes (mean age of 22.49 ±5.2 years; body weight 71.42 ±11.47 kg; height 180.12± 10.25cm) of a team in the Brazilian League of Women´s Basketball were selected. They were divided into two groups, and each group received its own training protocol on muscle power (endurance) in the course of eight weeks, and their ITA and ANMP were evaluated in six steps during and after the intervention in the anthropometric variables, muscle power of upper and lower limbs and ITA. The results showed a significant increase in ANMP (p<0.05) in the group that received a training program of selective load compared to the group that received a training program of concentrated load. This significant difference reflected in the degree of correlation (p<0.001) of the variables of the selective load group compared to the concentrated load group, thus promoting different kinematics adjustments of ITA in the groups. We concluded that the group that received the training protocol of selective load was more efficient regarding jump shot performance and this was directly related to increased neuromuscular power in this group.

Posture of the opponent and angular relations to the basket constrain decision-making behaviours in 1v1 of basketball

O presente estudo teve como objectivo analisar a influência da postura do defensor e da posição relativa da díade sobre a tomada de decisão do atacante no subsistema de 1v1 no basquetebol. Para este efeito filmaram-se situações de 1v1, em meio-campo, e digitalizou-se: a) a posição dos pés do atacante e defesa no momento de início da penetração para o cesto; b) a projeção do seu ponto de trabalho ao longo da tarefa. Os resultados obtidos indicam um efeito: a) da postura do defensor na decisão relacionada com o sentido da penetração para o cesto em drible do atacante, para distâncias interpessoais escaladas para cada díade; b) da posição relativa ao cesto da díade sobre os padrões de coordenação interpessoal; c) da posição relativa ao cesto da díade na exploração por parte do atacante do alinhamento com o defensor e com o cesto.

The goal of this study was to analyse the influence of the posture of the defender and the angular relations of the dyad to the basket on the decision-making process of the attacker in the 1v1 sub-system of basketball. After video recording performance behaviours, we digitized: a) attackers and defenders feet positioning: b) participant displacement movement trajectories. Results showed an effect of: a) the posture of the defender on the decision related with the side of drive of the attacker, for scaled interpersonal distances scaled for each dyad; b) the relative positioning of the dyad to the basket on the interpersonal patterns of coordination; c) the relative positioning of the dyad to the basket on the exploration of the alignment with the defender and basket by the attacker.

Motivation and intention to be physically active in basketball players in training.: Differences depending on the competition

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las posibles diferencias en la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) y la intención de la práctica futura en jugadores de baloncesto en formación según la liga en la que competían. Se administró, a una muestra de 181 jugadores de baloncesto entre 11 y 16 años pertenecientes a ligas diferentes (juegos deportivo municipales, federado y federado preferente), el cuestionario PNSE para evaluar las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el MIFA para medir la intención de ser físicamente activo. Los resultados más significativos indicaron que a) existen diferencias significativas entre ligas; b) la relación entre las NPB y la intención aumentaba con el nivel de la liga; c) la competencia era la única variable presente en todas las categorías estudiadas.

The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (BPNS) and intended future practice in basketball players in training according to the level of competition to which they belonged. It was distributed PNSE questionnaire to assess basic needs and MIPA to measure the intention to be physically active on a sample of 181 basketball players aged between 11 and 16 years belonging to different leagues. The most significant results indicated that a) there are significant differences between leagues b) the relation between the BPN and the intention increased with the level of competition c) competence was the only variable present in all categories.

Analysis of the motivational antecedents in basketball referees and its incidence on emotional burnout

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre los antecedentes motivacionales y su influencia en el burnout en árbitros de baloncesto. Para ello, se han seleccionado 30 árbitros con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 41 años (M = 24.8; DT = 5.74). Los resultados revelaron relaciones positivas entre los mediadores de la frustación de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales) con la desmotivación. Lo mismo sucede con el agotamiento emocional que se asocia de forma positiva y significativamente con la frustación de autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales. Además, el mayor predictor del agotamiento emocional fue la desmotivación. Finalmente, los resultados son discutidos para mejorar el conocimiento sobre la motivación y el burnout.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between motivational antecedents and its influence on burnout in basketball referees. Hence, 30 referees ranging in age from 17 to 41 years old (M = 24.8; SD = 5.74) were selected, Results revealed a positive relationship between basics psychological needs thwarting (autonomy, competence and relatedness) and amotivation. Moreover, emotional burnout was positive related with autonomy, competence and relatedness thwarting. Furthermore, emotional burnout emerged as the strongest predictor of amotivation. Finally, results are discussed in the light of enhance the knowledge about motivation and burnout.

Content validity of the instrument for assessment of the tactical procedural knowledge in basketball

Objetivou-se estabelecer a validade de conteúdo do teste de conhecimento tático processual para basquetebol (TCTP-Bb), a partir do cálculo do coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) proposto por Hernandez-Nieto (2002). Participaram do estudo sete técnicos de basquetebol (n=07) formados em educação física e com experiência mínima de dez anos atuando especificamente no processo de iniciação esportiva, especialização e alto nível de rendimento na modalidade. Propuseram-se 24 itens para avaliar o comportamento tático - técnico individual e coletivo (tática de grupo) do jogador no ataque (com e sem bola), e do jogador na defesa (marcando ao jogador com bola e sem bola). Foi calculado o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC), a partir da clareza da linguagem e da pertinência prática, para cada item do instrumento (CVCc) e para o instrumento como um todo (CVCt). Os resultados confirmam que para clareza da linguagem (CVCt = 0,94) e para pertinência prática (CVCt = 0,91), os itens propostos apresentam propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias.

The aim of this study was to establish the content validity of the tactical procedural knowledge test in basketball (TPKT-Bb), starting from the calculation of the content validity coefficient (CVC) as proposed by Hernandez-Nieto (2002). Seven basketball coaches (n=07) participated in the study. All of them were graduated in Physical Education and had a minimum of ten years experience in working with the processes of sports initiation, specialization and high performance in basketball. We have proposed 24 items to evaluate the behaviour of the players during individual and group tactical actions. During offense situations, the player was assessed when in possession of the ball and also when not. In the same way, on defense the player was evaluated when marking the ball-handler and also when marking the opponent not in possession of the ball. The content validity coefficient (CVC) was calculated by means of language clearness and practical relevance for each item of the instrument (CVCc) and for the overall instrument (CVCt). The results confirm that, for the purposes of language clearness (CVCt = 0,94) and practical relevance (CVCt = 0,91), the proposed items present satisfactory psychometric properties.

The white card fundación Realmadrid: An educative proposal through basketball competition

La competición en etapas de iniciación supone un excelente medio de aprendizaje para los jugadores/as, y una oportunidad magnífica de reforzar los conocimientos y actitudes transmitidas, para el profesorado. Por todo ello, desde las Escuelas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Realmadrid, y más concretamente desde el proyecto "Por una Educación REAL: Valores y Deporte" (Fundación Realmadrid, 2012), hemos centrado nuestros esfuerzos en elaborar una herramienta que nos permitiera aprovechar el potencial de la competición a nivel educativo. A través de nuestro modelo competitivo, que está basado en la demostración de buenas conductas y la aparición de valores positivos, decidimos implantar el programa Tarjeta Blanca. Este programa, que comenzó a desarrollarse en la temporada 2010-2011, consiste en una forma de reconocimiento a todos aquellos jugadores/as que demuestren actitudes y conductas positivas durante la propia competición. Nuestro objetivo es fomentar la aparición de esas conductas deseables, dando a conocer al alumnado cuáles de sus actos son dignos o merecedores de ser valorados positivamente. A su vez, creemos que con esta propuesta nuestros entrenadores/as también salen reforzados y esperamos que motivados, ya que estarán incentivados a observar y descubrir las conductas que pueden ser susceptibles de ser premiadas. Como dato más relevante deseamos mencionar que en la última edición del Torneo, se han premiado 308 conductas destacadas a nivel educativo sobre un total de 358 participantes, lo que demuestra la presencia y la relevancia del programa en nuestra competición.

The competition in initiation to sport is an excellent learning environment for players, and a great opportunity for teachers to enhance knowledge and attitudes transmitted. Therefore, from Fundación Realmadrid Basketball Schools, specifically from the project "For a REAL Education: Values and Sport" (Realmadrid Foundation, 2012), we have focused our efforts on developing a tool that could exploit the potential competition on an educative way. Through our competition model, which is based on the demonstration of good behaviors and the appearance of positive values, we decided to implement the White Card program. This program, which began to develop in the 2010-2011 season, is a form of recognition to all players which demonstrate positive attitudes and behaviors during the competition. Our goal is to foster the emergence of these desirable behaviors, revealing the students which of their actions are worthy or deserving to be valued positively. In turn, we believe that with this proposal our teachers also are strengthened and hopefully motivated because they will be encouraged to observe and discover the behaviors that may be capable of being awarded. As most relevant data we want to mention that in our Tournament latest edition have been awarded a total of 308 behaviors leading to educational level over a total of 358 participants, demonstrating the presence and relevance of our competition program.

Using workbooks to teach values: a challenge in fundación Realmadrid basketball schools

La enseñanza y aprendizaje del baloncesto en las etapas de iniciación supone un doble reto para los entrenadores/as, dada la posibilidad de contribuir al incremento de los valores educativos de los deportistas, simultáneamente a su labor específica del baloncesto. La presencia de programas concretos, que ayuden a los entrenadores/as a transmitir valores educativos, puede ser muy importante, siempre y cuando sean programas asequibles y útiles en el ámbito del entrenamiento y la competición. En las Escuelas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Realmadrid, en el marco del proyecto denominado "Por una Educación REAL: Valores y Deporte", se ha creado un programa llamado "La Alineación de los Valores" con el fin de facilitar la labor educativa de los participantes. Se han elaborado unos cuadernos didácticos para uso de los entrenadores/as, los jugadores/as y sus familias. En la temporada 2011-12, los entrenadores/as que han utilizado los cuadernos didácticos como herramientas de trabajo, con diferentes equipos de categoría benjamín, alevín, infantil y cadete, han sido 17. Los resultados son positivos, puesto que: a) estos materiales didácticos han permitido incluir y estructurar adecuadamente determinados valores educativos en la programación táctica y técnica de los entrenadores/as durante la temporada; b) ha fomentado el diálogo y la reflexión de los participantes, tanto en los entrenamientos como en la competición; c) la puesta en práctica ha derivado a propuestas susceptibles de mejora para próximas temporadas.

The teaching and learning of basketball in the stages of initiation presents a dual challenge for coaches given the opportunity to contribute to increasing the educational value of sports, simultaneously with its specific work of basketball. The presence of specific programs to help coaches / as to transmit educational values can be very important, provided they are affordable and useful programs in the field of training and competition. In Fundación Realmadrid Basketball Schools, under the project entitled "For a Real Education: Values and Sport" has created a program called "Line up of Values" in order to facilitate the educational efforts of the participants. It has been designed workbooks for use by basketball teachers, the children and their families. In the 2011-12 season, teacher notebook has been used as a tool by seventeen teachers, with different youth teams: under-10, under-12, under-14 and under-16. The results are positive, since: a) these materials have led to include and to structure certain educational values in the teacher´s tactical and technical programming during the season, b) has promoted dialogue and reflection by participants, both in training and competition c) implementation has led to proposals for improvement for next season.

The completion of the possessions in basketball: study of the completion action

En esta investigación se analiza la finalización del ataque desde la perspectiva táctica, estudiando la acción de finalización. Utilizando la metodología observacional, se analizan 4605 posesiones de Liga ACB y Liga Femenina de la temporada 2009/10; con los objetivos de estudiar la finalización de las posesiones en Liga ACB y Liga Femenina, para conocer las acciones de finalización más habituales y estudiar su asociación con el tipo de ataque, la zona desde la que se finaliza y el resultado de la posesión. Haciendo un análisis general de los datos, se observa que aproximadamente la mitad de los ataques finalizan a partir de una ventaja generada de una jugada individual o de un bloqueo directo (27,8% y 28,7% de las posesiones de Liga ACB analizadas y 28,9% y 17,5% de las de Liga Femenina). En un análisis pormenorizado, se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el uso de las acciones de finalización en Liga ACB y Liga Femenina (Chi-cuadrado para una muestra p=0,000), a pesar de que en las dos subpoblaciones la jugada individual exterior es la acción más utilizada y una de las que tienen mejores resultados. En ACB predominan las finalizaciones con bloqueo directo, con buenos porcentajes de eficacia; en Liga Femenina los movimientos sin balón, la circulación de balón y la jugada individual exterior e interior son las acciones más propicias y efectivas para la finalización. Aunque las finalizaciones de los ataques posicionales parten de acciones variadas, las de los contraataques y transiciones están condicionadas por el tipo de ataque al que pertenecen; además la acción de finalización está asociada a la zona de finalización y ligeramente al resultado.

In this research offence´s completion is analyzed from the tactic perspective, studying the completion action. Using observational methodology, 4605 possessions are analysed from Spanish Professional League (ACB League) and Women´s Spanish League of the 2009/10 season; with the aim of studying the possessions´ completion of ACB and Women´s League, to meet the most common completion actions and study them association with the offence´s type, the completion area and possession´s result. In a general data analysis, it notes that approximately half of the offences end from an advantage generated by an individual move or a direct screen (27.8% and 28.7% of the ACB League´s possessions analyzed and 28.9% and 17.5% of the Women´s League ones). In a detailed analysis, statistically significant differences are detected in completion actions´s use between ACB League and Women´s League (one-sample Chi-square p=0.000), although outside individual move is the most used action and one of those have best results in both samples. The completions using direct screen predominate in ACB and they also have good efficacy percentages; whereas in Women´s League movements without ball, ball circulation and outside and inside individual move are the most favourable and effective actions for the completion. Although set offence´s completions start with various actions, fast break and transition´s ones are conditioned by the type of offence they belong; furthermore completion action is associated with the completion area and slightly associated with the result.

Thermography as a new assessment tool in basketball: Pilot study carried out with a professional player in the ACB

Introducción: La termografía infrarroja (IFT) es una herramienta de análisis que no emite irradiación y no es invasiva por lo que es adecuada para el estudio de las funciones fisiológicas relacionadas con el control de temperatura de la piel. Objetivos: Establecer el comportamiento termográfico de un jugador de baloncesto. Material y métodos: En el estudio ha participado un jugador profesional de la ACB. Tras respetar el periodo de aclimatación y cumplir el protocolo de la International Academy of Clinical Thermology (IACT) se han tomado 4 imágenes termográficas, dos de la visión anterior (miembro superior e inferior) y dos de la visión posterior (miembro superior e inferior). Resultados: Se han encontrado diferencias de más de 0.5ºC entre áreas simétricas del cuerpo. Conclusiones: La termografía es una herramienta válida, rápida y segura que nos permite cuantificar el estado térmico del sujeto y controlar su evolución.

Introduction: Infrared thermography (IFT) is an analysis tool that emits no radiation and is non-invasive, making it suitable for the study of physiological functions related to the control of skin temperature. Objectives: To establish the thermographic behaviour of a professional basketball player. Materials and methods: The study involved a professional player in the ACB. Four thermal images were taken after the acclimation period to respect the protocol of the International Academy of Clinical Thermology (IACT) (two anterior views (upper and lower limbs) and two posterior views (upper and lower limbs). Results: There were differences of more than 0.5 º C between symmetrical areas of the body. Conclusions: Thermography is a valid, fast and safe tool and allows the thermal state of the subject to be quantified and its evolution monitored.

Examining sport involvement in youth basketball players: an analysis from self-determination theory

A través del siguiente trabajo se pretendió comprobar la implicación deportiva de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto, analizando la importancia de los otros significativos sobre los aspectos motivacionales, y como estas variables podían determinar dicha implicación en el baloncesto. 284 jugadores de baloncesto con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años completaron diferentes cuestionarios encaminados a analizar estas variables. Los resultados indican como el clima motivacional creado por el entrenador, padres y compañeros predice positivamente la satisfacción la motivación intrínseca a través de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y como la motivación intrínseca predice la implicación en la práctica deportiva. Como conclusión, destacar la importancia que adquieren los comportamientos de los otros significativos (padres, entrenador y compañeros) en los procesos motivacionales de los jugadores de baloncesto, comprobando la relevancia de estos aspectos para explicar la implicación hacia el baloncesto.

This work aims to test youth basketball players sport involvement, examining the importance of other significatives on motivational aspects, and how those variables might influence that involvement in basketball. 284 basketball players ranging in age from 11 to 16 years old completed several questionnaires leading to test those variables. Results showed that coach, parents and peers motivational climates positive predicted intrinsic motivation through the satisfaction of the basics psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation positive predicted involvement in the sport practice. To conclude, we emphasize the importance of other significatives (coach, parents and peers) behaviors in basketball players´ motivational processes, showing the relevance of these aspects to explain involvement in basketball.

Effects of reduced training and specific detraining on vertical jump in young male basketball players

Com o presente estudo procuramos avaliar e comparar os efeitos do destreino específico vs. treino reduzido na capacidade de salto vertical de basquetebolistas adolescentes do sexo masculino. Após um programa prévio de treino resistivo, os sujeitos (n=15) foram aleatoriamente subdivididos num grupo de treino reduzido (GTR=8) e num grupo de destreino específico (GDE=7). Ao longo de 16 semanas o GTR, paralelamente aos treinos de basquetebol, manteve uma sessão semanal de treino resistivo, enquanto o GDE apenas manteve a prática regular da modalidade. Todos os sujeitos foram avaliados no salto sem contramovimento (SsCM), salto com contramovimento (com-SCMb e sem balanço de braços-SCM), e salto em profundidade (SP), no início (T1), e no final das semanas 4 (T4), 8 (T8), 12 (T12), e 16 (T16) dos períodos de treino reduzido e destreino específico. Os resultados mais significativos evidenciam: a) estabilidade na capacidade de salto vertical dos sujeitos dos dois grupos em estudo e b) semelhanças no contraste dos resultados do destreino específico e do treino reduzido.

The aims of the present study were: to assess and compare the effects of specific detraining and the application of a resistance reduced training program on adolescent male basketball players´ vertical jump ability. After a previous resistance training program, the subjects (n=15) were randomly assigned to a reduced training group (RT=8) and a specific detraining group (DTR=7). During 16 weeks, the DTR group stopped the resistance training program but maintained regular basketball practice. Complementarily to the basketball practice, the RT group was submitted to a reduced resistance training program once-a-week. All the subjects were tested on squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump without arm swing (CMJ), countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJa), and depth jump (DJ), at the beginning (T1); after 4 (T4), 8 (T8), 12 (T12) weeks; and at the conclusion of the 16-week detraining/reduced training periods (T16). The more significant results highlight: a) stability in subjects of both groups; b) similarities on the comparison of specific detraining and reduced training outcomes.