Abstract

AGUILAR CORDERO, María José et al. Rebound effect of intervention programs to reduce overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: systematic review. Nutr. Hosp. [online]. 2015, vol.32, n.6, pp.2508-2517. ISSN 1699-5198.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.10071.

Background: studies show that overweight and obesity are the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that begins prenatally. In evidence of this relationship the potential impact of prenatal nutrition experience in the development of the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems that regulate energy balance, with special emphasis on leptin, an adipocytederived hormone. Different authors relate the risk of obesity with rapid weight gain in the first years of life. Breastfeeding children have a lower degree of abdominal adiposity and, therefore, lower waist circumference. Similarly, it has been associated with exclusively breastfeeding with a slower weight gain rate of about 20 %. In the study of obesity, a rebound effect is considered when the child recovers its initial weight a year after finishing the procedure. This problem is common, therefore family intervention is essential in order to achieve the child's motivation to lead a healthy life. For this review we have selected studies to evaluate interventions of medium and long term in childhood obesity, ensuring adherence to treatment and the rebound effect, once the intervention ended. Aim: to review studies examining the rebound effect and adherence to weight loss treatments for children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Method: the systematic review was prepared following the PRISMA guidelines. Are selected 19 studies related to the proposed issue. Results: several authors have established the beneficial short and long term effects of interventions that combine diet and physical activity among obese children. These results show the importance of multidisciplinary treatment programs for childhood obesity, emphasizing its encouraging longterm effects. Conclusions: there are studies were the rebound effect in short duration programs is evident. During interventions it is significantly reduced BMI, but then increased quickly to reach even higher levels initial weight. The most effective type of actions tend to be those including the family and schools, they are multidisciplinary and they have a duration longer than 1 year.

Keywords : Rebound effect; Childhood obesity; Child; Adolescent; Physical activity; Nutrition; Family; Follow-up.

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