Abstract

GARCIA-FERNANDEZ, Francisco P et al. Theoretical model and conceptual frameworks of pressure injuries and other chronic wounds. History and development. Gerokomos [online]. 2022, vol.33, n.2, pp.105-110.  Epub Oct 24, 2022. ISSN 1134-928X.

This article takes a historical review through the theoretical frameworks of pressure injuries and other chronic wounds. In this review, 4 of the most influential and representative models of the last decades are presented: a) the Braden-Bergstrom conceptual framework, developed in 1987 is presented as the theoretical basis for the development of the Braden scale and the defined etiological factors are identified: increased pressure and decreased tissue tolerance; b) the theoretical model of dependence-related skin lesions, the main theoretical model of these chronic lesions is also analyzed, from its origin in 2011, its dissemination in 2014 and the latest modifications made in 2021 in which up to ten different types of lesions are already included; c) the conceptual model of incontinence-associated dermatitis, this model analyzed refers to the most important of all moisture-associated skin lesions: incontinence-associated dermatitis, analyzing the two major etiological factors: overhydration and increased pH; and d) the conceptual model of severe life-threatening injuries, finally, the last and most recent model is analyzed, that of unavoidable injuries that occurin people whose life situation is extremely serious, and even heralds imminent death, distinguishing between multiorgan dysfunction syndrome skin injuries and skin injuries by extreme vasoconstriction.

Keywords : Theoretical models; conceptual framework; pressure injuries; chronic wounds; history.

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