Introduction:

Different countries have shown an inverse relationship between unemployment rates (UR) and indicators of sickness absence during periods of economic recession.

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between indicators of sickness absence and unemployment in Spain during 2009-2015.

Methods:

We obtained incidence and absenteeism rates of non-work related sickness absence (NWSA) from Social Security data, and UR from the National Institute of Statistics. The relationship between indicators of NWSA and UR in the period 2009 to 2015 was graphically described using time trend plots. Scatter plots of NWSA indicators were also made against UR. Finally, we fitted linear regression models.

Results:

Incidence (IR) and absenteeism rates (AR) of NWSA showed downward trends in 2009-2013 (IR 2009 = 28.07%, IR 2013 = 20.41%; AR 2009 = 2.53% and AR 2013 = 1.86%), changing to an upward trend up to 2015 (IR 2015=22.52%, AR 2015=2.12%). Unemployment rates trended upward in 2009-2013 (UR 2009 = 17.86%, UR 2013 = 26.10%), and then changed to a downward trend through 2015 (UR 2015=22.06%). There was an inverse relationship between UR and NWSA indicators.

Conclusions:

As in previous international studies, we found an inverse relationship between unemployment rates and indicators of sickness absence in Spain. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate explanatory hypotheses, such as those associated with the effects of discipline, selection and/or changes in the workforce.

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