Resumen

MARTINEZ-CHECA, J. et al. Cross Infection in maxillofacial surgery. Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac [online]. 2004, vol.26, n.2, pp.87-96. ISSN 2173-9161.

Objectives. To determine the incidence of infection in the surgical site at the maxillofacial surgical unit and to analyse the risk factors related to the infection. Methods. A prospective cohort study ran from September 1999 to November 2000. The study included all patients under a surgical intervention at this unit except those admitted because of gums infected by their teeth and those under dental extraction who required admission. The total study numbered 382 people. The follow up of the patients lasted 30 days after the surgical intervention or one year if the patient required maxillofacial prosthesis implantation. The statistical analysis included bivariant (chi square, t-student and simple logit regression) and multivariant analysis (multiple logit regression). Results. The total incidence of infection in the surgical site was 9,4%. Infection incidence of orthopaedic maxillofacial surgery was 1,8% and non-orthopaedic was 15,5%. In non-orthopaedic maxillofacial surgery, infection incidence in benign processes was 2,9% and in malign processes was 20,9%. From the multivariant analysis, surgical intervention time over 2 hours (OR=7; CI 95%: 3,01 - 16,25), the contamination degree of the surgical wound (OR=7,20; CI 95%: 1,25 - 26,52) and surgical re-intervention (OR=6,29; CI 95%: 2,64-14,94) came up as the predictor factors of infection. The incidence of infection increases as NISS Index units raises (OR= 3,61; CI 95%: 2,38-5,60). Conclusions. The incidence of infection in the surgical site in orthopaedic maxillofacial surgery is low, whilst in non-orthopaedic surgery is similar to the ones reported by other studies. Independent factors related to the infection are surgical intervention time of over 2 hours, the contamination degree of the surgical wound and the surgical re-intervention. The incidence of infection increases as NISS Index units raise.

Palabras clave : Cross Infection; Risk Factors; Maxillofacial Surgery.

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