Introduction.

Preterm delivery is the most important determinant of neonatal mortality in Mexico and the United States. Urinary tract infection is a common cuse of preterm labor, preterm birth, as well as neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Objective.

The objective of this study is to review the evidence in the medical literatura and make recommendations to decrease the incidence of urinary tract infection in pregnant woman and, therefore, the risk of preterm birth.

Material and methods.

A review of the most updated literatura on the general aspects of preterm pregnancy and the implication of urinary tract infection in pregnancy and development was carried out, comparing the efficay of different diagnostic and treatment protocols. Clinical studies were chosen from 2005-2020; wich were identified from de Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, Cochrane Lybrary databases (international bibliography) as well as from the College of Gynecology and Obstretics of Mexico and the Medical journal of the Mexican Institute of Social Security National Bibliography.

Results.

The direct relationship of urinary tract infection during pregnancy with preterm delivery, was verified, clinical variants were determined and current tratment recommendations were established.

Conclusions.

Preterm birth is one of the most important causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality and represents 75% of perinatal deaths and 50% of neurological sequelae directly attributable to prematurity. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis and pyelonephritis are serious threat to the fetus and the mother, a situation that requires optimal antimicrobial tratmente regimens. otherwise the results will be non-positive for both the mother and the product.

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