Background and objective.

Augmentation gluteoplasty with fat grafting is one of the most performed aesthetic procedures in the world, however, given its high mortality rate compared to other aesthetic procedures, during the last decade several studies and articles have been published in search of recommendations for reduce their fatal outcomes.

We conduct a literature review in order to identify mortality rates, reach a consensus on the recommendations found, and identify cadaveric studies that may question whether this procedure is safe and whether the measures taken to date will be sufficient for patient safety.

Methods.

A review article was carried out through an exhaustive search in scientific databases, which included data on new reported cases, pathophysiology of major and minor complications and presented strategies. prevention of these complications.

Results.

A total of 11 documents were obtained, among which we found bulletins, review articles, case reports, systematic reviews, and experimental studies in cadavers.

Conclusions.

In gluteal lipoinjection, the injection of the lipograft in submuscular planes implies an increased risk of macroscopic and microscopic complications of fat migration through the bloodstream. Despite the multiple recommendations already established, we advocate the development of techniques that allow graft injection to be ensured subcutaneously.

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