Abstract

MANJARREZ-MONTES-DE-OCA, Rafael; TORRES-VACA, Mateo; GONZALEZ-GALLEGO, Javier  and  ALVEAR-ORDENES, Ildefonso. ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate as a dietary supplement (II): cell and molecular mechanism of action. Nutr. Hosp. [online]. 2015, vol.31, n.2, pp.597-605. ISSN 1699-5198.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.8437.

Introduction: In recent years, several investigations have related ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) to a reduced muscle proteolysis and to an increase in muscle mass. Therefore, a number of studies focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating these effects have been carried out. Aims: The objectives of this review are: to know both HMB metabolism and toxicity, and to identify HMB cellular and molecular mechanisms of action when used as a dietary supplement. Methods: A search was performed in the Web of Science, Pubmed and SportDiscus data bases. Results were divided into two parts; this article presents aspects referring to HMB mechanisms of action. Results: There is insufficient evidence that HMB intake increases muscle cholesterol synthesis. It probably has positive effects on muscle metabolism through both the mTOR and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, although the mechanism of action is unknown. HMB may increase blood levels of ß-hydroxybutyrate and this could explain the main effects of HMB on muscle proteolysis. Conclusion: According to these results, the possibility of justifying the action of HMB through the beta-hydroxybutyrate pathway opens an interesting line of research for future studies.

Keywords : ß-hydroxybutyrate; mTOR; Ubiquitin-proteasome system; Ketone Bodies; Ergogenic Aid.

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