Introduction:

studies of the nutritional and epidemiologic transition in Spain do not seem to have used the report "Spain: Nutrition Survey of the Armed Forces" (SNSAF)" conducted in 1958 by the Interdepartamental Committee on Nutrition for National Defence (ICNND) of the United States of America.

Objective:

this article provides an introduction to this report with an assessment of its methodology and results.

Materials and methods:

examine the objectives, approach and process of implementation of the survey conducted on a sample of 10,727 Spanish soldiers from April to June in 1958. In the first place, it will be assessed its representativeness and, secondly, the published results of three clinical examinations and one biochemical examination practiced to the soldiers will be analysed.

Results:

the correspondence between the diagnosed diseases and the estimated micronutrient levels, both in the biochemical examination and in the analysis of diets, show that the military population examined was not affected by any serious deficiency condition. Except in vitamin A and riboflavin, in the other micronutrients no deficient levels were observed according to the ICNND standards.

Conclusion:

the final conclusion of SNAF report was that the nutrition of the Armed Forces of Spain was satisfactory. But, such statement should be qualified taking into account four possible factors of bias: the geographical distribution and the allocation of soldiers from the sample between the three armies. The improvement in the nutritional condition during the military service period and the proportion of youngsters called to the military service excluded from the service and declared fugitives.

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