Introduccion:

Periodontal necrotising diseases are acute conditions accompanied by local and systemic signs and symptoms characterised by gingival tissues necrosis; however, they can include periodontal or other oral tissues depending on the severity of the infection. In this systematic review we want to evaluate which are the most relevant predisposing factors for the development of these infections, as well as the therapeutic approaches that have shown affectivity against them.

Material and methods:

A bibliographic search of the last 10 years was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Cochrane y Scopus). We used the following keywords: “necrotising ulcerative gingivitis”, “necrotising ulcerative periodontitis” , “necrotising ulcerative stomatitis” y “aetiology”; combining them with Boolean operators (AND and OR).

Results:

After applying the exclusion criteria, 19 papers remained. Among the most important risk factors we found severe malnutrition, the bad oral hygiene and deposits of tartar, previous infections and immunosuppression. Regarding to therapeutic interventions, literature highlights supragingival and subgingival debridement. The most used pharmacological strategy is monotherapy with metronidazole or combined with amoxicillin. The most used adjuvant treatments are chlorhexidine and peroxide mouthwashes.

Conclusions:

Periodontal Necrotising diseases are entities which have a mainly unspecific bacterial cause and depend on causative factors that affect to patient's general state. Their treatment is based on the control of risk factors while we solve the infection.

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