Abstract

PEGENAUTE ESPARZA, Carlota María; HERRERO HERRANZ, Sandra; GONCALVES DE FREITAS, Mariela de Jesús  and  ALVAREZ VALERO, Isabel. Biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in workers exposed to cadmium. Med. segur. trab. [online]. 2016, vol.62, n.244, pp.263-281. ISSN 1989-7790.

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is a metal which main effect is nephrotoxicity. Its irreversibility alerts of the importance in preventing occupational exposure and early diagnosis of kidney damage. This paper summarizes the scientific evidence between exposure to Cd and alteration of biomarkers of exposure and kidney damage. Material and methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature, published between 2005 and 2015, was conducted in 7 database using equations search with MeSH terms. References were filtered based on the objectives excluding non-original articles. Critical reading is performed based on an array of evidence synthesis, using the SIGN criteria for determination. Results: 968 references were retrieved and included in the review number 8, 90% of cross-sectional design. Association between exposure to Cd and metal levels in blood and urine were found. Kidney damage markers that correlate with exposure are beta2-microglobulin, albumin, enzymes and markers of oxidative stress. The main modifier effect factor is the tobacco. Conclusions: Although it is limited by the design of the analyzed studies, it is without discrepancies scientific evidence in the association between exposure to Cd and alteration of biomarkers a exposure and kidney damage, even at a low levels of exposure to Cd (<2 µg/g Cr in urine). Prospective studies are needed to identify the relevance of proposing a reduction of VLB.

Keywords : cadmium; nephrotoxicity; biomarker; occupational medicine.

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