Resumo

SAMPER BERNAL, D.; MONERRIS TABASCO, M.M.; HOMS RIERA, M.  e  SOLER PEDROLA, M.. Aetiology and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor [online]. 2010, vol.17, n.6, pp.286-296. ISSN 1134-8046.

Aetiology: Painful diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 25% of diabetic patients, those treated with insulin and/or glucose lowering drugs, and is characterised by presenting as a distal symmetric neuropathy associated with chronic pain. Pathophysiology The cause is generally vascular, which produces a lesion of the primary sensory nerves due to neuronal hypoxia and lack of nutrients. Symptoms: The onset is usually bilateral in the toes and feet. In cases where it is asymmetric, it progresses to be bilateral. It can gradually progress to the calves and the knees, in which case the patient may experience symptoms of pain and/or paresthesia both in the hands and feet ("glove-stocking" pattern). They describe the pain using diverse terms: burning, electric, deep, etc. Allodynia and hyperalgesia are less common. The pain intensity is usually gets worse at night. Other symptoms: vascular claudication, dysautonomic signs (skin colour, abnormal temperature, sweating), depression and anxiety, sleep disorders. Physical findings: Sensory loss and the loss or decrease in Achilles tendon reflex is characteristic in "glove-stocking", although some patients who only have small nerve fibres involvement may have normal reflexes and vibratory sensitivity. Diagnosis: It is clinical. There is no need for electro-physiological studies when the history and physical findings are consistent with the diagnosis of painful diabetic neuropathy. Natural history: The natural history of painful diabetic neuropathy varies and its clinical course unpredictable. In some patients, the pain may improve after months or years, while in others it persists and gets worse. Treatment: Due the great number of causal and contributing factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, there is no single satisfactory treatment. The maintenance of a glycosylated haemoglobin between 6.5 and 7.5% can slow down and even prevent the progression of neuropathy. The current treatment recommendations for painful diabetic neuropathy can be seen in table 5 and figure 1.

Palavras-chave : Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Pain; Painful diabetic neuropathy; Chronic pain.

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