Objective:

to investigate the impact of rapid streptococcal antigen detection test use on antibiotic prescription in children.

Patients and methods:

observational, retrospective cohort study, based on the computer data from 10 pediatric health centre cohorts in Zaragoza (Spain) from 2012 and 2013. The prescription of antibiotics and complications in the ensuing month are compared according to whether a rapid antigen diagnostic test was carried out or not.

Results:

851 cases met the inclusion criteria (3-4 Centor criteria) from a pre-selection of 17,455. In those cases where the rapid antigen test was performed a reduction in prescriptions of 42% (absolute risk reduction 42%; 95% confidence interval [95 CI]: 37 to 48; p < 0.001) was observed. On comparing the approach among pediatricians who had the test available (4) and those who did not (6) a decrease of 29% (absolute risk reduction 29%; 95 CI: 24 to 34; p < 0.001) was noted. Ensuing infectious complications did not vary (12% in treated, 8% in untreated; relative risk 1.49; CI 95: 0.88 to 2.52; p = 0.178). The prescription of penicillin V was significantly more likely than that of amoxicillin when a diagnostic test was used (relative risk 1.30; 95 CI: 1.10 to 1.55; p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

in clinical practice the use of the rapid antigen test in pediatric patients pre-selected through clinical criteria was a determining factor in the reduction of the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

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