Resumen

RIOBOO CRESPO, M.  y  BASCONES, A.. Risks factors in periodontal diseases: genetic factors. Avances en Periodoncia [online]. 2005, vol.17, n.2, pp.69-77. ISSN 2340-3209.

Periodontitis is nowadays accepted as a multi-factorial disease with microbial agent as the initiator ,necessary but not enough , and a wide variety of determinants and factors that influence the manifestation and progression of the disease. The potencial importance of genetics and heredity to the knowledge about the pathogenesis and the clinic dental practice of periodontal diseases has been recognized since the earliest days of dentistry and medicine, but the relative complexity resulting from the interaction among the exposure to oral bacteria and the host response promote the dificulty of the genetics factors role clarification. Even so, genetic factors influence in periodontal diseases are suggest for several forms of periodontitis. In general, it’s considered the existence of sufficient scientific basis in favour of the genetic factors presence in Aggressive Periodontitis, whereas, the evidence of the genetic participation in Chronic Periodontitis isn’t so manifest. A multitude of host factors are involved in responses to microbial challenge and in the subsequent immune responses of the periodontal diseases, so, genetics polymorphisms probably exist in many of if not most of the inflammatory and immune mediators such as demonstrated by the IL-1,IL-4, IL-10,TNF, PGE2, specific HLA antigens (Human Leukocite Antigen), Vitamine D receptor, fMLP receptor, IgG Fc receptors (FcIIIb and FcgRII) and the N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) receptor. Correlation of these genetic polymorphisms with phenotypic characteristics of periodontitis patients groups may provide the frame work for identification of individual risk profiles.

Palabras clave : Periodontal diseases; Periodontitis; Risk factors; Genetic Factors.

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