Introduction and objective:

The present review work aims to assess the mutual influence that pregnancy may have on the progression of differentiated thyroid carcinoma as well as the influence that differentiated thyroid carcinoma may have on pregnancy.

Synthesis:

Thyroid cancer appears frequently in women at reproductive age and during pregnancy. Since the most common presentation is as a thyroid nodule, proper management of this condition constitutes a priority while pregnancy. Thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound guided FNA are fundamental tools for both correct diagnosis and monitoring thyroid nodules. Also, differentiated thyroid carcinoma can happen during pregnancy in at least three different settings (newly diagnosed, papillary thyroid microcarcinoma under active surveillance, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma previously treated before pregnancy) that must be approached in different ways. Usually, pregnancy does not present any additional risk for the prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Furthermore, differentiated thyroid carcinoma does not appear to have a negative influence on the progression of pregnancy for either the mother or the fetus. The treatment of choice for new-onset carcinomas is surgery, which should be postponed after delivery whenever possible or carried out in the second trimester in the most aggressive cases. Papillary microcarcinomas do not appear to be significantly influenced by pregnancy and do not require special monitoring during gestation. For previously treated carcinomas, pregnancy does not worsen the prognosis in most cases either. Only those classified as having an incomplete structural response require special attention in their follow-up. Treatment with the appropriate doses of levothyroxine to achieve the most appropriate TSH levels for the risk situation is another of the fundamental cornerstones in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Finally, treatment with I-131, if necessary, is formally contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

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