Objective.

To analyze the risk factors identified for sudden infant death in the different studies in order to adopt the appropriate preventive measures in pediatric consultations.

Method.

A structured and systematized search of the most up-to-date bibliography on sudden infant death was carried out in the medical search engines Pubmed, Cuiden, Scielo, Cochrane Library and Cinahl. Given the number of articles and reviews obtained through the main medical search engines, from the first 554 initial results obtained in PUBMED, those that focused on systematic reviews of the subject were selected, obtaining 144 results, delimiting to 37 when limiting those that only present the keywords in the title.

Results-Conclusions.

Among the risk factors, the supine position when sleeping would be the most determining modifiable factor, this factor being one of the basic pillars of primary prevention campaigns and with the greatest impact on the decrease in mortality in this pathology in the last 30 years. Other risk factors could be included in maternal factors (pre- and postnatal smoking, and of a partner in the postnatal stage, consumption of other drugs including alcohol, maternal age less than 20 years, complications during pregnancy or childbirth such as anemia, pre-eclampsia / eclampsia, placental abruption, ...), infant factors (prematurity, low birth weight, multiple pregnancy product, male sex) and environmental factors (sleeping on a soft surface, objects such as stuffed animals or pillows on the surface where he sleeps, excessive clothing and ambient heat). Among the factors that we could consider protective or considered preventive factors, in addition to supine decubitus, we found breastfeeding, non-nutritive sucking with a pacifier during sleep, and sharing a room with parents.

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