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Nutrición Hospitalaria

On-line version ISSN 1699-5198Print version ISSN 0212-1611

Nutr. Hosp. vol.31 n.1 Madrid Jan. 2015

https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.1.7518 

ORIGINAL / Otros

 

Adequacy of energy and nutrient intake in patients with heart failure

Adecuación de energía y la ingesta de nutrientes en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca

 

 

Karina Sanches Machado d’Almeida1,2, Ingrid Dalira Schweigert Perry3, Nadine Clausell1,2,4 and Gabriela Corrêa Souza2,3,5

1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Health Sciences Graduate Program - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences.
2Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Cardiology Department - Heart Failure Clinic.
3Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
4Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - School of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine.
5Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - School of Medicine - Department of Nutrition. Brazil.

 

 


ABSTRACT

Background: Nutritional factors have a significant influence on the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF).
Objective: The goal of the present study was to assess the food intake of stable patients with HF.
Methods: Patients of both genders aged over 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of HF were recruited and matched with healthy individuals for age, sex and BMI. Food records and weighing were used to assess participant nutritional intake. DRIs and NCEP-ATP III recommendations were used to evaluate the adequacy of nutritional intake.
Results: Sixty-five percent of the 40 patients in the sample and 48% of the 25 control subjects were men. The mean age in both groups was 54±8 years and mean BMI was categorized as overweight. Carbohydrate, trans fatty acid and sodium intake were higher in the HF group as compared to control subjects (p=0.006, p<0.001 and p=0.029). A positive association was found between a diagnosis of HF and excess carbohydrate intake (p=0.038). Patients with HF were found to consume 130% of the recommended dietary allowance for trans fatty acids, and participants in both groups consumed only 50% of the recommended amounts of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. Similar findings were obtained for calcium and potassium. Participants in both groups consumed only 5% of recommended daily vitamin D levels. Mean sodium intake was approximately 200% of the recommended dietary allowance, and was found to be significantly higher among patients in the HF group (p=0.042).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated an inadequate intake of macro- and micronutrients such as sodium, trans fatty acids, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, carbohydrates, calcium, potassium and vitamin D in patients with HF.

Key words: Heart failure. Food intake. Energy intake. Nutrients. Dietary records.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Factores nutricionales tienen una influencia significativa en el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC).
Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de alimentos de pacientes con IC estable.
Métodos: Pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico confirmado de IC fueron reclutados y emparejados por edad, sexo y IMC con individuos sanos. La ingesta nutricional fue evaluada mediante el registro alimentario y pesaje de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de las DRIs y NCEP-ATP III para la evaluación de la adecuación de la ingesta nutricional.
Resultados: El 65% de los 40 pacientes con IC y el 48% de los 25 individuos control eran hombres. La edad media en los grupos fue de 54±8 anos y los valores del IMC fueron indicativos de sobrepeso. La ingesta de carbohidratos, ácidos grasos trans y sodio fue mayor en el grupo IC que en el grupo control (p=0,006, p<0,001 y p=0,029). Se encontró una asociación positiva entre IC y consumo excesivo de carbohidratos (p=0,038). El grupo IC consumió el 130% de los valores diarios recomendados de ácidos grasos trans, y ambos grupos consumieron el 50% de la cantidad recomendada de ácidos grasos ω-3 y ω-6. Resultados similares se obtuvieron para el calcio y el potasio. La ingesta de vitamina D correspondió al 5% los valores recomendados en ambos grupos. La media de los niveles de ingesta de sodio representó aproximadamente el 200% de la cantidad recomendada y fue significativamente mayor entre los pacientes con IC (p=0,042).
Conclusiones: El presente estudio demostró un consumo inadecuado de macro y micronutrientes, tales como sodio, ácidos grasos trans, ω-3 y ω-6, carbohidratos, calcio, potasio y vitamina D, en pacientes con IC.

Palabras clave: Insuficiencia cardíaca. Ingesta de alimentos. Ingesta de energía. Nutrimentos. Registros dietéticos.


 

 

http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/nh/v31n1/58originalotros07.pdf

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