Scielo RSS <![CDATA[Pediatría Atención Primaria]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/rss.php?pid=1139-763220240003&lang=es vol. 26 num. 103 lang. es <![CDATA[SciELO Logo]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://scielo.isciii.es <![CDATA[Medro o desmedro del lenguaje pediátrico]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300001&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es <![CDATA[¿Ha influido la pandemia por COVID-19 en el desarrollo neurológico de los niños?]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 ha provocado un cambio en las interacciones sociales que puede tener repercusión en el neurodesarrollo de los niños. Se realiza un estudio de cohortes en el que se incluye a todos los niños nacidos en los años 2017 y 2020 en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón (España), siendo la muestra de 21 484 pacientes; y se realiza una comparativa de los diagnósticos de trastorno del neurodesarrollo codificados en los dos grupos de pacientes, nacidos pre y pospandemia. Se observa un aumento de riesgo de padecer un trastorno del neurodesarrollo en los nacidos en el año 2020 frente a los nacidos en el año 2017, siendo estadísticamente significativo en las áreas del lenguaje y de la conducta.<hr/> Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused a change in social interactions that may have had an impact on children’s neurodevelopment. We carried out a cohort study including all children born in the years 2017 and 2020 in the Autonomous Community of Aragon (Spain), with a sample of 21 484 patients; comparing the neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses coded in two groups of patients (born pre- and. post-pandemic). We found an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder in children born in 2020 compared to children born in 2017, which was statistically significant in the areas of language and behaviour. <![CDATA[La dieta sin gluten cambia el perfil lipídico de los niños y adolescentes celíacos]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Introducción La dieta sin gluten es el único tratamiento de la enfermedad celíaca. Los productos sin gluten contienen un mayor porcentaje de carbohidratos y lípidos saturados, lo que puede producir problemas metabólicos a largo plazo. Dado que la arteriosclerosis es la principal causa de morbimortalidad en los países desarrollados, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el perfil lipídico de niños y adolescentes por debajo de los 18 años tras su diagnóstico como celíacos y su modificación después de iniciar el tratamiento. Material y métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional retrospectivo de niños diagnosticados de enfermedad celíaca sin otra comorbilidad que seguían una dieta sin gluten estricta. Se recogieron y compararon los perfiles lipídicos al debut de la enfermedad, al año y a los 6 años del inicio de la dieta sin gluten. Resultados En el estudio se incluyó a 24 pacientes pediátricos. Se objetivó un ascenso de los niveles de colesterol total y un descenso de los niveles de triglicéridos, ambos con significación estadística (p &lt;0,05). Conclusiones Creemos importante analizar el perfil nutricional de los pacientes celíacos pediátricos al diagnóstico de la enfermedad, así como en el seguimiento de su dieta sin gluten, para poder detectar problemas metabólicos y/o nutricionales de manera precoz, atajando el desarrollo de consecuencias que pueden dar la cara ya desde el periodo infantil.<hr/> Introduction The gluten-free diet is the only treatment for coeliac disease. Gluten-free products contain a higher percentage of carbohydrates and saturated lipids, which can lead to long-term metabolic problems. The aim of this study was to analyse the lipid profile of children and adolescents aged less than 18 years after receiving the diagnosis of coeliac disease and its changes after starting treatment. Material and methods To this end, we carried out a retrospective observational study of children diagnosed with coeliac disease without other comorbidity and following a strict gluten-free diet. Lipid profiles were collected at disease onset and 1 year and 6 years after initiation of the gluten-free diet and subsequently compared. Results The sample included 24 paediatric patients, and we observed an increase in total cholesterol levels and a decrease in triglyceride levels, both of which were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions We believe it is important to analyse the nutritional profile of paediatric coeliac patients at the time of diagnosis and during the followup of the gluten-free diet to detect metabolic and/or nutritional problems at an early stage, with the purpose of preventing the development of complications that may manifest as early as childhood. <![CDATA[Perfil del paciente con claudicación de la marcha]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300004&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Introducción La cojera es un motivo de consulta frecuente en Atención Primaria y urgencias. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo en pacientes que consultan por cojera en urgencias de un hospital terciario entre 2019-2022. Muestreo aleatorio sistematizado. Variables analizadas: edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución, síntomas, traumatismo previo, antecedentes, derivación o no, hallazgos en exploración, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento, diagnóstico en urgencias, diagnóstico final, grupo etiológico y destino. Resultados 321 pacientes, 65,1% varones, edad media 5,5 ± 3,4 años. El 60% consultaban con evolución inferior a 24 horas y el 81,6% sin derivación. Se solicitaron pruebas complementarias en un 87,5% (55,7% radiografía). La etiología más común fue inflamatoria 29% (sinovitis transitoria de cadera 24%). En un 2,49% hubo un diagnóstico final diferente al de urgencias, siendo el más frecuente la artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ). Hubo asociación entre paciente derivado y triaje de mayor prioridad (p = 0,03), realización de ecografía (p = 0,009) y derivación a consultas(p = 0,003). La media de edad de los pacientes con ecografía patológica (5,65 años) fue superior a la de los de resultado normal (3,84 años). Hubo diferencias de medias en las edades de los grupos etiológicos (p = 0,000) y en los diferentes diagnósticos en urgencias (p = 0,002). Se encontró asociación entre síntomas previos y grupo etiológico (p = 0,000), tiempo de evolución y grupo etiológico (p = 0,002) e interconsulta a traumatología (p = 0,000) y destino final (p = 0,000). Conclusiones Entre las causas de cojera, generalmente banales, es importante una alta sospecha clínica para el diagnóstico de otras menos comunes y con mayores implicaciones como la AIJ.<hr/> Introduction Lameness is a frequent reason for primary care and emergency department visits. Material and methods Observational, longitudinal, retrospective study in patients who presented with lameness to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital between 2019-2022. Patients were included by systematic random sampling. The study variables were: age, sex, time from onset, associated symptoms, history of trauma, personal and family history, source of referral (provider vs self), examination findings, diagnostic tests and results, treatment, diagnosis in emergency department, final diagnosis, aetiological group and discharge destination. Results 321 patients, 65.1% male, with a mean age of 5.5 ± 3.4 years. Sixty percent sought care within 24 hours of onset and 81.6% were self-referred. Diagnostic tests were ordered in 87.5% (X-rays in 55.7%). The most common aetiology was inflammatory (29%), chiefly on account of transient synovitis (24%). We found an association between provider referral and a higher priority in triage (p=0.03), the use of ultrasound (p=0.009) and referral to outpatient specialists (p=0.003). The mean age of patients with abnormal sonographic findings (5.65 years) was higher compared to patients with normal results (3.84 years). There were also mean differences in the ages of the different aetiological groups (p=0.000) and in the different diagnoses made in the emergency department (p=0.002). We found an association between the presence of previous symptoms and the aetiological group (p=0.000) and between the time elapsed from onset to the visit and the aetiological group (p=0.002), interconsultation with traumatology (p=0.000) and destination after discharge (p =0.000). Conclusions Most causes of lameness are banal, but a high index of suspicion should be maintained for less frequent alternative diagnosis that may have more serious repercussions, such as JIA. <![CDATA[Análisis de la situación epidemiológica de la tosferina en la provincia de Granada (España) durante la temporada 2023-2024]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300005&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Introducción La incidencia de la tosferina ha sufrido un aumento durante los años 2023 y 2024, superando en cifras al brote acontecido en 2015. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar la situación epidemiológica de la tosferina y la cobertura vacunal frente a la misma en niños y niñas en la provincia de Granada (España) durante los años 2023 y 2024. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la situación epidemiológica de la tosferina en la provincia de Granada a partir de las declaraciones realizadas en el Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológico Andaluz (SVEA) durante el año 2023 y las primeras 15 semanas epidemiológicas de 2024. Resultados Se han notificado un total de 809 casos de tosferina en la provincia de Granada en el período de estudio. El grupo de edad con mayor número de casos fue el de niños y niñas de 11 a 15 años, con 253 casos declarados, seguido por el de los de 1 a 5 años. La tasa de cobertura vacunal en niños y niñas de 11 a 15 años fue del 91%. Conclusiones La mayoría de los casos ocurrieron en niños en edad escolar con pauta de vacunación correcta, sin llegar a producirse ningún fallecimiento. La evolución clínica de los niños menores de 1 año que requirieron ingreso hospitalario (29,6%) fue favorable en todos los casos.<hr/> Introduction The incidence of pertussis has shown a sudden increase in 2023 and 2024, exceeding the figures for the 2015 outbreak. The main objective of this study was to analyse the epidemiological situation of pertussis and the vaccination coverage against it in children in the province of Granada (Spain) in 2023 and 2024. Material and methods We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of the epidemiological situation of pertussis in the province of Granada based on the notifications made to the Andalusian Epidemiological Surveillance System (SVEA) in 2023 and in the first 15 weeks of 2024. Results A total of 809 cases of pertussis were reported in the province of Granada during the study period. The age group with the highest number of cases was children aged 11-15 years, with 253 reported cases, followed by children aged 1-5 years. The vaccination coverage rate in children aged 11 to 15 years was 91%. Conclusions Most cases occurred in school-aged children with fully vaccinated status, and no deaths were reported. The outcome in infants aged less than 1 year who required hospitalization (29.6%) was favourable in every case. <![CDATA[Miositis aguda benigna infantil recidivante]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen Presentamos el caso de un niño con miositis aguda benigna (MAB) asociada a virus influenzae, que se repite en tres ocasiones durante dos temporadas consecutivas de gripe. En el primer episodio se plantearon diferentes diagnósticos diferenciales que motivaron su derivación al centro hospitalario de referencia. Los siguientes episodios fueron reconocidos con mayor facilidad, solicitándose solo las pruebas necesarias para su diagnóstico, como la elevación típica de la creatinfosfoquinasa (CPK) y los estudios microbiológicos para confirmar la etiología. La evolución fue benigna, autolimitada con tratamiento únicamente sintomático. El pediatra de Atención Primaria tiene un papel relevante en el reconocimiento de esta entidad, durante la época estacional de la gripe, ya que el virus influenzae, es la causa más frecuentemente relacionada con la MAB, evitando la realización de pruebas innecesarias. Proponemos valorar la vacunación frente a la gripe en los pacientes que sufren un episodio de MAB con el fin de evitar su repetición, dada la posible susceptibilidad de estos niños.<hr/> Abstract We present a case of a child with acute benign myositis (ABM) associated with influenzae virus, which recurs on 3 occasions during two consecutive influenza seasons. In the first episode, different differential diagnoses were proposed, which led to the referral hospital. Following episodes were more easily recognized, and only tests necessary for their diagnosis were requested, such as the typical elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and microbiological studies to confirm etiology. Course was benign, self-limited with only symptomatic treatment. Primary care pediatricians have an important role in the recognition of this entity during seasonal influenza, since the influenzae virus is the cause most frequently related to ABM, avoiding unnecessary testing. We propose to evaluate influenza vaccination in patients suffering from an episode of ABM in order to avoid its recurrence, given the possible susceptibility of some children. <![CDATA[Lo que un exantema esconde]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300007&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen Desde que comenzó la pandemia por virus SARS-CoV-2 en 2020, en la población infantil la mayoría de los casos han sido leves, aunque ha sido descrita una entidad emergente, el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico, capaz de producir cuadros graves con afectación cardiovascular, gastrointestinal y exantema. Se describe un caso clínico relacionado con esta patología, donde se realiza un diagnóstico diferencial con la enfermedad de Kawasaki y se describe una nueva clasificación de esta entidad como espectro clínico.<hr/> Abstract Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic alert broke out 3 years ago, in the child population the majority of symptoms have been mild, although an emerging entity has been described, SIM-Ped, capable of producing serious symptoms with cardiovascular involvement, gastrointestinal and rash. A clinical case related to this pathology is described, where a differential diagnosis with Kawasaki disease is made and a new classification of this entity as a clinical spectrum is described. <![CDATA[Síndrome de Stickler: una causa de oftalmopatía pediátrica]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen El síndrome de Stickler es una enfermedad genética rara del tejido conjuntivo, con herencia autosómica dominante la mayoría de las veces. Se caracteriza por la asociación de oftalmopatía (miopía, desprendimiento de retina y cataratas), anomalías orofaciales, hipoacusia y artropatía, con una amplia variabilidad en la expresión clínica. La confirmación diagnóstica se obtiene por estudio genético. El pronóstico varía en función de la gravedad de las manifestaciones. La ausencia de un tratamiento etiológico reduce las posibilidades terapéuticas a un tratamiento sintomático que muy frecuentemente es quirúrgico. La importancia de conocer sus características radica en una sospecha clínica precoz para tratar de evitar secuelas irreversibles en edades tempranas, y brindar a la familia un asesoramiento genético adecuado.<hr/> Abstract Stickler's syndrome is a rare genetic disease of connective tissue, with dominant autosomal inheritance most of the time. It is characterized by the association of ophthalmopathy (myopia, retinal detachment and cataracts), orofacial abnormalities, hearing loss and arthropathy, with a wide variability in clinical expression. Diagnostic confirmation is obtained by genetic study. The prognosis varies depending on the severity of the manifestations. The absence of an etiological treatment reduces the therapeutic possibilities to a symptomatic treatment that is very often surgical. The importance of knowing its characteristics lies in an early clinical suspicion to try to avoid irreversible sequelae at an early age and provide the family with adequate genetic counseling. <![CDATA[Recién nacida con litemia en rango tóxico. ¿Debemos retirar la lactancia materna?]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300009&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen El litio forma parte habitual del tratamiento para el trastorno bipolar. Se excreta a través de la leche materna y, clásicamente, se recomendaba a las madres con esta terapia que suspendieran la lactancia materna debido a los potenciales efectos adversos graves de este fármaco en el lactante. Más recientemente, se ha demostrado que los niveles plasmáticos de litio en los niños expuestos son generalmente bajos y bien tolerados, por lo que, en casos seleccionados, se puede mantener la lactancia materna y realizar un seguimiento clínico y analítico estrecho al niño con medición de la función tiroidea, renal y realización de litemias seriadas. Presentamos el caso clínico de una recién nacida a término, hija de madre con trastorno bipolar en tratamiento con litio y con lactancia materna exclusiva a demanda, que en la segunda semana de vida mostró unos niveles tóxicos de litio en plasma con ausencia de sintomatología. Una investigación cuidadosa del caso reveló que la litemia estaba falsamente elevada debido a una recogida incorrecta de la muestra sanguínea en un recipiente que contenía heparina-litio como anticoagulante. Se revisarán las circunstancias del caso, así como las recomendaciones actuales sobre toma de litio por parte de las madres y el amamantamiento de sus hijos.<hr/> Abstract Lithium is a common part of the treatment for bipolar disorder. It is excreted through breast milk, and traditionally, mothers undergoing this treatment were advised to discontinue breastfeeding due to the potential serious adverse effects of this medication on the infant. More recently, it has been demonstrated that plasma lithium levels in exposed children are generally low and well tolerated, so, in selected cases, breastfeeding can be maintained, and close clinical and analytical monitoring of the child can be conducted, including measurement of thyroid and renal function, and serial lithium levels. We present a clinical case of a full-term newborn, born to a mother with bipolar disorder receiving lithium treatment, exclusively breastfed on demand, who in the second week of life showed toxic levels of lithium in plasma with no symptoms. Careful investigation of the case revealed that the elevated lithium levels were falsely elevated due to incorrect collection of the blood sample in a container containing lithium-heparin as an anticoagulant. The circumstances of the case will be reviewed as well as current recommendations on lithium intake by mothers and breastfeeding of their children. <![CDATA[Anemia hemolítica en la infancia secundaria a neumonía por Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300010&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen La anemia hemolítica autoinmune es rara en la infancia con una incidencia aproximada de 0,8-1,25 casos por 100 000 niños y es la causa más frecuente de anemia hemolítica extracorpuscular teniendo una mayor incidencia entre los 3-4 años de edad. La mayor parte de ellas son idiopáticas, aunque también pueden ser secundarias a enfermedades autoinmunes, síndromes linfoproliferativos, tumores o infecciones (destacando las infecciones por Mycoplasma y virus de Epstein-Barr). Suelen presentarse como un cuadro autolimitado asociado a una infección viral. Los menores de 2 años y los adolescentes pueden presentar formas crónicas asociadas o no a enfermedades sistémicas, sobre todo inmunodeficiencias o trastornos autoinmunes. Se expone el caso de un paciente, varón, de 11 años de edad, diagnosticado de neumonía con serologías positivas para Mycoplasma pneumoniae y citomegalovirus, que desarrolló una anemia hemolítica autoinmune con autoanticuerpos fríos, llegando a precisar transfusión sanguínea.<hr/> Abstract Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is rare in childhood with an incidence of approximately 0.8-1.25 cases per 100,000 children and is the most frequent cause of extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia, having a higher incidence between 3 and 4 years of age. Most of them are idiopathic, although they can also be secondary to autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative syndromes, tumors or infections (notably Mycoplasma and Epstein-Barr). They usually present as a self-limiting condition associated with a viral infection. Children under 2 years of age and adolescents frequently present chronic forms, associated or not, with systemic diseases, especially immunodeficiencies or autoimmune disorders. We present the case of an 11-year-old male patient, diagnosed with pneumonia with positive serologies for Mycoplasma and Cytomegalovirus, who developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia and required blood transfusion. <![CDATA[Tortícolis en lactante asociada a infección por citomegalovirus: ¿es un hallazgo casual?]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300011&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen La tortícolis paroxística benigna es un trastorno paroxístico no epiléptico que se inicia en el primer año de vida. Se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de inclinación cefálica de horas a días de duración. Puede acompañarse de irritabilidad, palidez, náuseas, vómitos y ataxia, permaneciendo asintomático entre episodios. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con varios episodios de desviación lateral del cuello de escasos días de duración sin otros síntomas acompañantes y asintomático entre episodios. Se realizó una resonancia magnética, con la que se descartó un proceso ocupante de espacio, pero se visualizó un conglomerado adenopático cervical bilateral. Por esto último, se amplió el estudio, detectándose IgG e IgM de citomegalovirus positivas. Se diagnosticó infección por citomegalovirus y tortícolis paroxística benigna, ambos procesos actualmente en resolución y sin relación aparente entre ambos.<hr/> Abstract Benign paroxysmal torticollis is a non-epileptic paroxysmal disorder that begins in the first year of life. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of head tilting lasting from hours to days. These episodes can be accompanied by irritability, pallor, nausea, vomiting, and ataxia, while the patient remains asymptomatic between episodes. We present the case of an infant with several episodes of lateral neck deviation lasting a few days each, without other accompanying symptoms, and asymptomatic between episodes. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, ruling out a space-occupying process but revealing bilateral cervical adenopathy. Further testing detected positive IgG and IgM for Cytomegalovirus, leading to a diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus infection and benign paroxysmal torticollis. Both conditions are currently resolving and appear to be unrelated. <![CDATA[Un caso de exoftalmos progresivo en una niña de 5 años]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300012&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen El sarcoma fusocelular es un tumor poco frecuente, con escasa presentación en la literatura. Los tumores de partes blandas constituyen un grupo heterogéneo, precisando un abordaje multidisciplinar. Escolar de 5 años que acude a su pediatra por exoftalmos. Su madre refiere un cuadro progresivo de proptosis en el ojo izquierdo de 6 meses de evolución. No hay pérdida de agudeza visual, pero en las últimas semanas se queja de dolor intermitente con los movimientos oculares. A la exploración, proptosis del ojo izquierdo con lagrimeo intermitente y lesión vascular en porción temporal del mismo ojo. Presenta restricción de los movimientos del ojo izquierdo. Se deriva a urgencias hospitalarias, donde realizan un TAC craneal, objetivándose una lesión retrorbitaria izquierda de 28 x 14 mm, unilateral, que condiciona proptosis, efecto de masa sobre estructuras retroculares y pérdida de esfericidad ocular. Ante los hallazgos en las pruebas de imagen, se decide intervención quirúrgica por medio de craneotomía frontotemporal, recibiendo posteriormente tratamiento complementario con radioterapia local. Ante negatividad de estudios de patología molecular, se interpretó finalmente el resultado como sarcoma “tipo adulto” fusocelular indiferenciado. Aunque el sarcoma fusocelular indiferenciado es una patología poco frecuente, debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de las patologías retrorbitarias. El objetivo de este caso es repasar las principales características del sarcoma fusocelular, dada su rápida y agresiva forma de presentación, en un tumor poco frecuente.<hr/> Abstract Spindle cell sarcoma is a rare tumor, with little presentation in the literature. Soft tissue tumors constitute a heterogeneous group, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. 5-year-old schoolboy who goes to his pediatrician for exophthalmos. His mother refers a progressive proptosis in the left eye of 6 months of evolution. No loss of visual acuity, in the last weeks intermittent pain with eye movements. On examination proptosis of the left eye with intermittent tearing and vascular lesion in the temporal portion of the same eye, he presented restriction of left eye movements. He was referred to the hospital emergency department where a head CT scan (Figure 1,2) was performed, revealing a unilateral left retroorbital lesion measuring 28 x 14 mm, causing proptosis, mass effect on retroocular structures and loss of ocular sphericity. Given the findings in the imaging tests, it was decided surgical intervention by means of frontotemporal craniotomy, subsequently receiving complementary treatment with local radiotherapy. Due to negative molecular pathology studies, the result was finally interpreted as undifferentiated 'adult-type' spindle cell sarcoma. Although undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma is a rare pathology, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of retro-orbital pathologies. The objective of this case is to review the main characteristics of spindle cell sarcoma, given its rapid and aggressive form of presentation, in a rare tumor. <![CDATA[¿Pero esto qué es? ¿El ácido valproico es el culpable?]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300013&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen La pancreatitis aguda en la edad pediátrica se debe a etiología muy variada, siendo una de ellas la toxicidad por fármacos. Aunque la lista de fármacos que pueden causar pancreatitis aguda es muy amplia, en la literatura se relaciona con más evidencia con el uso de 6-mercaptopurina, azatioprina, los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA), metronidazol, asparaginasa, paracetamol y el ácido valproico. El ácido valproico es un medicamento frecuentemente utilizado en Pediatría. A pesar de que la mayoría de los efectos adversos asociados al uso de este medicamento son benignos, puede asociarse a reacciones adversas graves. Las más frecuentemente descritas son: hepatotoxicidad, teratogenicidad y pancreatitis aguda. La pancreatitis aguda inducida por ácido valproico se debe a una reacción idiosincrásica, que no depende de los niveles del fármaco en la sangre y puede ocurrir en cualquier momento tras el inicio del tratamiento.<hr/> Abstract Acute pancreatitis in children can result from a wide variety of etiologies, one of them being drug toxicity. Although the list of medications associated with acute pancreatitis is extensive, the literature provides stronger evidence for drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, metronidazole, asparaginase, acetaminophen and valproic acid. Valproic acid is a drug frequently used in pediatrics. Although most side effects associated with its use are benign, it may also be linked to severe adverse reactions. The most commonly reported include hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and acute pancreatitis. Valproic acid-induced acute pancreatitis is thought to occur due to an idiosyncratic reaction, which is independent of drug levels in the blood and can happen at any time during treatment. <![CDATA[La atropina en colirio puede prevenir la aparición de miopía en niños y retrasar su progresión]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300014&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Conclusiones de los autores del estudio La aplicación nocturna diaria de atropina en colirio al 0,05% en niños de 4 a 9 años sin miopía disminuye la aparición de esta y su progresión rápida, en los 2 años siguientes al inicio del tratamiento. Comentario de los revisores Este estudio, de diseño y calidad adecuadas, concluye que la atropina en baja concentración ayuda a prevenir la aparición y progresión rápida de la miopía en los niños de alto riesgo, con pocos efectos secundarios. Queda pendiente el seguimiento a largo plazo, para valorar el tiempo adecuado de seguimiento y el posible efecto rebote tras su suspensión.<hr/> Authors´ conclusions Nightly use of 0.05% atropine eyedrops among children aged 4 to 9 years without myopia resulted in a significantly lower incidence of myopia and lower percentage of participants with fast myopic shift at 2 years. Reviewers´ commentary This study, of adequate design and quality, concludes that atropine in low concentration helps prevent the onset and rapid progression of myopia in high-risk children, with few side effects. Long-term follow-up is pending to assess adequate follow-up time and possible rebound effect after suspension. <![CDATA[La transición desde Pediatría a Medicina de Familia en Atención Primaria]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300015&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen La transición desde el Servicio de Pediatría a uno de adultos supone un acontecimiento importante en la vida de un adolescente. Es un proceso gradual en el que participan el paciente, la familia y los diferentes profesionales de la asistencia sanitaria. Este paso puede resultar más complicado en el caso de que los pacientes presenten alguna enfermedad crónica. Por ello, a nivel hospitalario se están creando protocolos que persiguen disminuir las posibles complicaciones de una transición no programada en pacientes con necesidades de salud especiales. Sin embargo, en Atención Primaria no disponemos de guías similares y las publicaciones sobre el tema son muy escasas.<hr/> Abstract The transition from pediatric to adult care is a major event in the life of an adolescent. It is a gradual process involving the patient, the family and the different healthcare professionals. This step can be more complicated in the case of patients with chronic diseases. For this reason, protocols are being created at the hospital level to reduce the possible complications of an unscheduled transition in patients with special health needs. However, in primary care there are no similar guidelines available and there are very few publications on the subject. <![CDATA[Análisis crítico de las nuevas directrices de la OMS sobre alimentación complementaria en el lactante de 6 a 23 meses de edad]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300016&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen Introducción La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha publicado en 2023 nuevas recomendaciones sobre alimentación complementaria (AC). El proceso de la AC coincide con el periodo de mayor riesgo nutricional. Una AC inadecuada supone un riesgo para el desarrollo físico y cognitivo e incrementa el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. La OMS establece siete recomendaciones principales en función de la revisión de la evidencia disponible. Objetivo Realizar un análisis crítico de las nuevas directrices sobre alimentación complementaria de la OMS. Métodos Este análisis ha sido realizado por el Grupo Español de Gastroenterología y Nutrición de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria y ha contemplado la revisión exhaustiva de las nuevas recomendaciones de la OMS y la valoración de documentos de especial relevancia en alimentación infantil de sociedades científicas de nuestro entorno para adaptarlas a nuestro contexto. Resultados La certeza de la evidencia científica es baja o muy baja para seis de las siete recomendaciones. Faltan ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que den certeza en la toma de decisiones y que permitan definir los resultados en salud sobre cada recomendación. Destaca la ausencia de recomendaciones específicas sobre nuevas tendencias en alimentación y alimentos alergénicos, así como la adaptación a países del primer mundo. Conclusiones El inicio de una AC adecuada es fundamental para la salud. En concordancia con la OMS, concluimos que la lactancia materna debe promocionarse como alimento exclusivo durante los primeros 6 meses de vida, especialmente en zonas de bajos recursos. El inicio de la AC debe realizarse alrededor de los 180 días de vida mediante una dieta diversificada y adecuada. La AC supone la adquisición de conductas alimentarias saludables. Es necesaria la adaptación de las recomendaciones a nuestro entorno, además de otros aspectos no tenidos en cuenta por la OMS.<hr/>Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued new recommendations on complementary feeding (CF) in 2023. The introduction of CF takes place with the period of greatest nutritional risk for the toddler. Inadequate CF increases risk for altered physical and cognitive development and the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. The WHO sets out seven main recommendations based on the review of the available evidence. Objective Present a critical review of the new WHO guidelines on CF. Methods The analysis has been carried out by the Spanish Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics and has included an exhaustive review of the WHO guidelines and documents of particular relevance in infant feeding from scientific societies of our environment in order to adapt them to our environment. Results The certainty of the scientific evidence is low or very low for six of the seven recommendations. There is a lack of randomized clinical trials to provide certainty in decision-making and to define health outcomes for each recommendation. The absence of specific recommendations on new trends in food and allergenic foods as well as adaptation to first world countries is noteworthy. Conclusions The start of adequate CF is key for health in early life. In line with WHO, we conclude that breastfeeding should be promoted as the exclusive food for the first 6 months of life, especially in low resource areas. The introduction of CF should take place around 180 days of life through a diversified and adequate diet. CF involves the acquisition of healthy feeding behaviour. Adaptation of the recommendations to our environment is necessary, in addition to other aspects not considered by the WHO guidelines. <![CDATA[Nuevas herramientas para el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 1 en la edad pediátrica]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300017&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Nelly entre flores. Otto Dix, 1924]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300018&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Chica con crisantemos. Olga Boznanska, 1894]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300019&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Fallo de medro: ¿un término a desaparecer?]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300020&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Fallo de medro: no siempre acierta, pero sí alerta]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300021&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Explorando métodos alternativos de comunicación: la comunicación no violenta]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300022&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Rezwana, un expediente europeo]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300023&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Un uso más amplio de las soluciones de rehidratación oral reduciría la mortalidad infantil en África]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300024&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Transmisión doméstica a niños del virus mpox, a través de adultos contagiados]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300025&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes. <![CDATA[Más libros y menos pantallas]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322024000300026&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es Resumen In recent years, new resources have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.<hr/> Abstract In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.