Scielo RSS <![CDATA[Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/rss.php?pid=1130-010820120003&lang=pt vol. 104 num. 3 lang. pt <![CDATA[SciELO Logo]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://scielo.isciii.es <![CDATA[<B>Methylation in colorectal cancer</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300001&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt <![CDATA[<B><I>p16</I> gene methylation in colorectal cancer patients with long-term follow-up</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300002&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Introduction: p16 gene plays an important role in the cell cycle regulation and is considered an important tumor suppressor gene. Several mechanisms of gene inactivation have been described; in this study we have focused on p16 gene promoter methylation. In colorectal cancer p16 gene methylation is a frequent event. Methods: 326 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer were included. DNA was extracted from tumor tissue samples obtained during the surgical procedure. Promoter methylation was analyzed using bisulfite modification and was detected by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Frequency of p16 methylation was analyzed and compared with other clinicopathological variables. Results: p16 gene methylation was detected in 24,8% of patients. Methylation was associated with differentiation grade and with tumor location: methylation was frequent in poorly differentiated tumors and had low frequency in distal colon. The p16 promoter methylation discriminated a subgroup of patients with better prognosis in poorly differentiated tumors. Conclusions: p16 methylation was a frequent event in our population and was able to induce differences in the overall survival of patients with poorly differentiated tumors.<hr/>Introducción: el gen p16 está implicado en la regulación del ciclo celular y se considera un importante gen supresor de tumores. Objetivos: se han descrito diferentes mecanismos de inactivación génica, en este estudio nos hemos centrado en la metilación del promotor del gen p16. En el cáncer colorrectal la metilación de p16 es una alteración frecuente. Material y métodos: se incluyeron 326 pacientes con cáncer colorrectal esporádico. El ADN se extrajo de muestras tumorales obtenidas durante la cirugía. La metilación del promotor se analizó mediante un proceso de modificación con bisulfito y posterior PCR cuantitativa especifica para metilación. Se analizó la frecuencia de la metilación de p16 y se comparó con las variables clinicopatológicas. Resultados: la metilación del gen p16 se detectó en el 24,8% de los pacientes. La metilación de p16 se relacionó con el grado de diferenciación y con la localización tumoral: la metilación fue mas frecuente en los tumores pobremente diferenciados y tuvo una baja frecuencia en el colon distal. La metilación del promotor de p16 discrimina un subgrupo de pacientes con mejor pronóstico en los tumores pobremente diferenciados. Conclusiones: la metilación de p16 es un evento frecuente en nuestra población y es capaz de inducir diferencias en la supervivencia global de los pacientes con tumores moderadamente diferenciados. <![CDATA[<B>Transit of radiopaque particles through the gastrointestinal tract</B>: <B>comparison between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300003&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Background/aims: some studies have reported controversial results when comparing the gastrointestinal transit between diabetic and healthy individuals. Therefore, we compared the gastrointestinal transit of radiopaque particles between diabetic and non-diabetic healthy individuals. Methods: abdominal radiographies were performed for 45 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 35 healthy individuals (gender and age similar for both groups) at 24 and 72 h after they ingested radiopaque particles. The mean number of particles in the colon was compared for both groups. The data were expressed as mean and standard deviation values. Results: at 24 h, the total number of particles in the colon did not differ significantly for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. At 72 hours, the distribution in the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals was as follows: right colon, 0.44 &plusmn; 0.88 and 0.26 &plusmn; 0.7, respectively (p = 0.8); left colon, 2.6 &plusmn; 4.2 and 0.49 &plusmn; 1.3 (p < 0.003); and rectosigmoid colon, 2.65 &plusmn; 3.8 and 0.80 &plusmn; 1.5 (p < 0.005). The mean number of radiopaque particles in the entire colon was 5.7 &plusmn; 7.1 and 1.5 &plusmn; 2.7 for diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the number of radiopaque particles in the colon did not significantly differ for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals at 24 h after ingestion but was significantly greater in diabetic individuals at 72 h after ingestion. At 72 h, the mean number of radiopaque particles in the left and rectosigmoid colon were significantly higher in the diabetics than in the non-diabetic individuals. <![CDATA[<B>Prospective analysis of clinician accuracy in the diagnosis of benign anorectal pathology</B>: <B>the value of clinical information</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300004&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Aim: the prevalence of anorectal disorders in general population is high. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of clinical symptoms on diagnostic accuracy for benign anorectal pathology among different specialists and evaluate the relationship between diagnostic accuracy and years of professional experience. Methods: seven typical cases were selected. In a first interview, participants were shown images and asked to make a diagnosis. Afterwards, images with additional information (clinical symptoms) were used. Two groups (group 1 = general surgeons and group 2 = medical specialists who attended emergency department) completed both phases of the study to analyze the influence of clinical symptoms on the final diagnosis. Results: forty four specialists were interviewed. The percentage of participants making a correct diagnosis in groups 1 and 2, respectively, was as follows: case 1 (perianal abscess): 100 vs. 80.6%, (p = 0.157); case 2 (fissure): 92.3 vs. 51.6% (p = 0.015); case 3 (thrombosed hemorrhoid): 92.3 vs. 74.2% (p = 0.321); case 4 (anal condyloma): 100 vs. 87.1% (p = 0.302); case 5 (rectal prolapse): 100 vs. 83.9% (p = 0.301); case 6 (prolapsed hemorrhoid): 92.3 vs. 29% (p = 0.001), and case 7 (fistula): 100 vs. 67.7% (p = 0.021). There were significant differences in the number of correctly diagnosed cases between groups (p < 0.001). Information about clinical symptoms significantly increased overall and specific accuracy. There was no correlation between experience and accuracy. Conclusions: clinical symptoms are important for diagnostic accuracy in anorectal pathology. Training in anorectal pathology in medical specialists is warranted.<hr/>Objetivo: la prevalencia de los trastornos anorrectales benignos en la población general es alta. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la influencia de los síntomas clínicos en la precisión diagnóstica de la patología benigna anorrectal entre los diferentes especialistas y evaluar la relación entre el diagnóstico de la enfermedad y los años de experiencia profesional entre los profesionales participantes. Pacientes y métodos: se seleccionaron 7 casos típicos. En una primera entrevista, se mostró a los participantes las imágenes clínicas de cada caso y se les pidió que formularan un diagnóstico. Posteriormente, se volvió a mostrar las mismas imágenes con información clínica adicional. Dos grupos (grupo 1 = especialistas en cirugía general y digestiva y grupo 2 = especialistas de especialidades médicas con asistencia en el área de urgencias) completaron las dos fases del estudio para analizar la influencia de los síntomas clínicos en el diagnóstico final. También se analizó la relación entre la precisión diagnóstica y los años de experiencia de cada profesional. Resultados: se entrevistaron a 44 especialistas. El porcentaje de participantes que realizó un diagnóstico correcto en el grupo 1 y 2, fue respectivamente: caso 1 (absceso perianal): 100 vs. 80.6%, (p = 0,157); caso 2 (fisura anal): 92,3 vs. 51.6% (p = 0,015); caso 3 (hemorroide trombosada): 92,3 vs. 74,2% (p = 0,321); caso 4 (condiloma anal): 100 vs. 87,1% (p = 0,302); caso 5 (prolapso rectal): 100 vs. 83.9% (p = 0,301); caso 6 (prolapso hemorroidal): 92,3 vs. 29% (p = 0,001), y caso 7 (fístula perianal): 100 vs. 67,7% (p = 0,021). Se observaron diferencias en el número de los diagnósticos correctos entre grupos (p < 0,001). Globalmente, la información sobre síntomas clínicos incrementó significativamente la precisión específicamente, no observándose correlación entre experiencia profesional y precisión. Conclusiones: los síntomas clínicos son importantes para la precisión diagnóstica de la patología anorrectal benigna. La formación específica de especialistas médicos en esta patología anorrectal está claramente justificada. <![CDATA[<B>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)</B>: <B>role of CD 117 and PDGFRA Golgi-like staining pattern in the recognition of mutational status</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300005&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Aims: determine whether potential correlations between CD117 to and PDGFRA might serve as an indication for targeted therapies. Material and methods: immunohistochemical expression of CD117 and PDGFRA was evaluated in 99 paraffin-embedded GISTs in conjunction with KIT and PDGFRA mutational status. Results: CD117-positive staining was noted in 93 out of 99 cases. The predominant staining pattern was cytoplasmic, either with or without membrane accentuation; in 44.5% of cases, a clear Golgi-like pattern was evident. Correlations were found be-tween KIT mutation and both CD117 expression (p = 0.006) and Golgi-like pattern (p = 0.026). Cytoplasmic PDGFRA-positive staining was detected in 87% of cases, both with and without membrane accentuation; in 8% cases an evident Golgi-like staining pattern was observed. A significant correlation was noted between PDGFRA mutations and Golgi-like staining pattern (p = 0.001). Moreover, 95% of PDGFRA-positive GISTs were also CD117-positive, suggesting that expression of the two markers is not mutually exclusive; most of these had mutations in KIT exon 11. PDGFRA-positive/CD117-negative tumors had mutations in PDGFRA, mainly in exon 18. PDGFRA-negative/CD117-negative staining was observed in 15% of cases, all of which displayed mutations in KIT exon 11. CD117-positive/PDGFRA-negative cases were characterized by mutations in KIT, mainly in exon 11. Conclusions: CD117 and PDGFRA staining are not exclusive, and the presence of a Golgi-like staining pattern for either, whilst not pathognomonic, is highly suggestive of KIT and PDGFRA mutated GISTs, respectively, and may be used with some reservations as an alternative indication for prescribing targeted therapies.<hr/>Objetivo: determinar si las posibles correlaciones entre CD117 y PDGFRA podrían servir como una indicación de terapias dirigidas. Material y métodos: la expresión inmunohistoquímica de CD117 y PDGFRA se evaluó en 99 GIST incluidos en parafina en conjunción con el estado mutacional de KIT y PDGFRA Resultados: se observó tinción CD117-positivo en 93 de los 99 casos. El patrón de tinción predominante fue citoplasmático o de membrana; en el 44,5% de los casos, se evidencio patrón de tipo Golgi. Se encontraron correlaciones entre la mutación KIT tanto con la expresión de CD117 (p = 0,006) y con el patrón tipo Golgi (p = 0,026). Se detectó tinción citoplasmática PDGFRA-positiva en el 87% de los casos, con y sin acentuación de membrana, en el 8% se observó patrón de tinción tipo Golgi. Se observó una correlación significativa entre las mutaciones PDGFRA y el patrón de tinción tipo Golgi (p = 0,001). Por otra parte, el 95% de los GIST PDGFRA positivos también fueron CD117-positivo, lo que sugiere que la expresión de los dos marcadores no se excluyen mutuamente, la mayoría de ellos tenían mutaciones en el exón 11 de KIT. Los tumores PDGFRA-positivo/CD117-negativo tenían mutaciones en PDGFRA, principalmente en el exón 18. Se observó tinción PDGFRA-negativo/CD117-negativo en el 15% de los casos, todos los cuales revelaban mutaciones en el exón 11 de KIT. Los casos CD117-positivo/PDGFRA-negativo casos se caracteriza por mutaciones en KIT, principalmente en el exón 11. Conclusiones: las tinciones CD117 y PDGFRA no son excluyentes, y la presencia de un patrón de tinción de Golgi, aunque no es patognomónica, es altamente sugestiva de GIST mutado en KIT y PDGFRA, respectivamente, y se puede utilizar con algunas reservas, como una indicación alternativa para la prescripción de terapias dirigidas. <![CDATA[<B>Current management of gastric cancer</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300006&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Gastric cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality in our population. The prognosis of patients with this disease is closely related to the neoplasm stage at diagnosis, including the following characteristics of the tumor: extension into the gastric wall thickness, spread to locoregional lymph nodes and the ability to generate distant metastases, as described by the TNM classification. For localized tumors characterized only by invasion of mucosa or submucosa at diagnosis, survival at 5 years is between 70 and 95% with exclusive surgical management; however, when extension into the gastric wall is higher and/or there is locoregional nodal involvement, survival decreases to 20-30% at 5 years. Currently, at high-volume centers, the extent of gastrectomy is individualized based on several parameters, which in an increasing number of cases allows a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and preservation of the spleen and pancreas. This improved procedure increases the chance of R0 surgery and improves the relationship between resected and affected lymph nodes, resulting in a decreased risk of the long-term locoregional recurrence. To improve these results, different therapeutic strategies combining chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with surgery have been tested. Previously, the Intergroup 0116 clinical trial, published in 2001, which changed clinical practice in the United States, showed that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival (from 26 to 37 months overall survival) of these patients. In Europe, perioperative chemotherapy has been considered the standard treatment, since the publication of two randomized phase III trials showed an increase at 5 years survival in the group treated with chemotherapy.<hr/>El cáncer gástrico es un tumor de alta incidencia y mortalidad en nuestro medio, y su pronóstico está íntimamente relacionado con la situación neoplásica al diagnóstico, que incluye su extensión en el grosor de la pared gástrica, sobre los ganglios linfáticos locorregionales y su capacidad de generar metástasis a distancia, extensión basada en la clasificación TNM. En aquellos tumores localizados al diagnóstico, caracterizados por la invasión únicamente de mucosa-submucosa, la supervivencia a 5 años se establece entre el 70 y el 95% con manejo quirúrgico exclusivo, sin embargo, cuando la extensión en la pared es mayor y/o existe afectación ganglionar locorregional, la supervivencia disminuye al 20-30% a 5 años. Actualmente en centros con alto volumen de pacientes, la extensión de la gastrectomía se individualiza en función de varios parámetros, optándose, en cada vez más casos, por la realización de una gastrectomía total con linfadenectomía D2 y preservación esplenopancreática, pues esta aumenta las posibilidades de conseguir una cirugía R0 y mejora la relación entre ganglios resecados y ganglios afectados, lo que se traduce en una disminución del riesgo de recidiva locorregional a largo plazo. Con el objetivo de mejorar estos resultados, se han ensayado distintas estrategias terapéuticas de quimioterapia o quimiorradioterapia asociadas a la cirugía. Entre todas ellas destaca el ensayo 0116 del intergroup, publicado en el 2001, que cambió la práctica clínica asistencial en Estados Unidos, ya que demostró que un tratamiento de quimiorradioterapia tras la cirugía mejoraba la supervivencia (de 26 a 37 meses de mediana) de estos pacientes. En Europa es la quimioterapia perioperatoria el tratamiento estándar habitual, desde que se publicaron dos estudios aleatorizados fase III que demostraron un aumento en la supervivencia a 5 años en el grupo tratado con quimioterapia. <![CDATA[<B>Mantle cell lymphoma with intestinal involvement</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Gastric cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality in our population. The prognosis of patients with this disease is closely related to the neoplasm stage at diagnosis, including the following characteristics of the tumor: extension into the gastric wall thickness, spread to locoregional lymph nodes and the ability to generate distant metastases, as described by the TNM classification. For localized tumors characterized only by invasion of mucosa or submucosa at diagnosis, survival at 5 years is between 70 and 95% with exclusive surgical management; however, when extension into the gastric wall is higher and/or there is locoregional nodal involvement, survival decreases to 20-30% at 5 years. Currently, at high-volume centers, the extent of gastrectomy is individualized based on several parameters, which in an increasing number of cases allows a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and preservation of the spleen and pancreas. This improved procedure increases the chance of R0 surgery and improves the relationship between resected and affected lymph nodes, resulting in a decreased risk of the long-term locoregional recurrence. To improve these results, different therapeutic strategies combining chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with surgery have been tested. Previously, the Intergroup 0116 clinical trial, published in 2001, which changed clinical practice in the United States, showed that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival (from 26 to 37 months overall survival) of these patients. In Europe, perioperative chemotherapy has been considered the standard treatment, since the publication of two randomized phase III trials showed an increase at 5 years survival in the group treated with chemotherapy.<hr/>El cáncer gástrico es un tumor de alta incidencia y mortalidad en nuestro medio, y su pronóstico está íntimamente relacionado con la situación neoplásica al diagnóstico, que incluye su extensión en el grosor de la pared gástrica, sobre los ganglios linfáticos locorregionales y su capacidad de generar metástasis a distancia, extensión basada en la clasificación TNM. En aquellos tumores localizados al diagnóstico, caracterizados por la invasión únicamente de mucosa-submucosa, la supervivencia a 5 años se establece entre el 70 y el 95% con manejo quirúrgico exclusivo, sin embargo, cuando la extensión en la pared es mayor y/o existe afectación ganglionar locorregional, la supervivencia disminuye al 20-30% a 5 años. Actualmente en centros con alto volumen de pacientes, la extensión de la gastrectomía se individualiza en función de varios parámetros, optándose, en cada vez más casos, por la realización de una gastrectomía total con linfadenectomía D2 y preservación esplenopancreática, pues esta aumenta las posibilidades de conseguir una cirugía R0 y mejora la relación entre ganglios resecados y ganglios afectados, lo que se traduce en una disminución del riesgo de recidiva locorregional a largo plazo. Con el objetivo de mejorar estos resultados, se han ensayado distintas estrategias terapéuticas de quimioterapia o quimiorradioterapia asociadas a la cirugía. Entre todas ellas destaca el ensayo 0116 del intergroup, publicado en el 2001, que cambió la práctica clínica asistencial en Estados Unidos, ya que demostró que un tratamiento de quimiorradioterapia tras la cirugía mejoraba la supervivencia (de 26 a 37 meses de mediana) de estos pacientes. En Europa es la quimioterapia perioperatoria el tratamiento estándar habitual, desde que se publicaron dos estudios aleatorizados fase III que demostraron un aumento en la supervivencia a 5 años en el grupo tratado con quimioterapia. <![CDATA[<B>Appendicular mucocele as cause of chronic abdominal pain</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300008&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Gastric cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality in our population. The prognosis of patients with this disease is closely related to the neoplasm stage at diagnosis, including the following characteristics of the tumor: extension into the gastric wall thickness, spread to locoregional lymph nodes and the ability to generate distant metastases, as described by the TNM classification. For localized tumors characterized only by invasion of mucosa or submucosa at diagnosis, survival at 5 years is between 70 and 95% with exclusive surgical management; however, when extension into the gastric wall is higher and/or there is locoregional nodal involvement, survival decreases to 20-30% at 5 years. Currently, at high-volume centers, the extent of gastrectomy is individualized based on several parameters, which in an increasing number of cases allows a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and preservation of the spleen and pancreas. This improved procedure increases the chance of R0 surgery and improves the relationship between resected and affected lymph nodes, resulting in a decreased risk of the long-term locoregional recurrence. To improve these results, different therapeutic strategies combining chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with surgery have been tested. Previously, the Intergroup 0116 clinical trial, published in 2001, which changed clinical practice in the United States, showed that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival (from 26 to 37 months overall survival) of these patients. In Europe, perioperative chemotherapy has been considered the standard treatment, since the publication of two randomized phase III trials showed an increase at 5 years survival in the group treated with chemotherapy.<hr/>El cáncer gástrico es un tumor de alta incidencia y mortalidad en nuestro medio, y su pronóstico está íntimamente relacionado con la situación neoplásica al diagnóstico, que incluye su extensión en el grosor de la pared gástrica, sobre los ganglios linfáticos locorregionales y su capacidad de generar metástasis a distancia, extensión basada en la clasificación TNM. En aquellos tumores localizados al diagnóstico, caracterizados por la invasión únicamente de mucosa-submucosa, la supervivencia a 5 años se establece entre el 70 y el 95% con manejo quirúrgico exclusivo, sin embargo, cuando la extensión en la pared es mayor y/o existe afectación ganglionar locorregional, la supervivencia disminuye al 20-30% a 5 años. Actualmente en centros con alto volumen de pacientes, la extensión de la gastrectomía se individualiza en función de varios parámetros, optándose, en cada vez más casos, por la realización de una gastrectomía total con linfadenectomía D2 y preservación esplenopancreática, pues esta aumenta las posibilidades de conseguir una cirugía R0 y mejora la relación entre ganglios resecados y ganglios afectados, lo que se traduce en una disminución del riesgo de recidiva locorregional a largo plazo. Con el objetivo de mejorar estos resultados, se han ensayado distintas estrategias terapéuticas de quimioterapia o quimiorradioterapia asociadas a la cirugía. Entre todas ellas destaca el ensayo 0116 del intergroup, publicado en el 2001, que cambió la práctica clínica asistencial en Estados Unidos, ya que demostró que un tratamiento de quimiorradioterapia tras la cirugía mejoraba la supervivencia (de 26 a 37 meses de mediana) de estos pacientes. En Europa es la quimioterapia perioperatoria el tratamiento estándar habitual, desde que se publicaron dos estudios aleatorizados fase III que demostraron un aumento en la supervivencia a 5 años en el grupo tratado con quimioterapia. <![CDATA[<B>Multiple desmoid tumors in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis caused by the novel W421X mutation</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300009&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Lesión de Dieulafoy</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300010&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Anticoagulation in a cirrhotic patient with acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to malignancy</B>: <B>A case report</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300011&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Gallbladder variceal bleeding in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis</B>: <B>a rare entity</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300012&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Unusual technique for caustic esophagitis</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300013&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Clinical challenge</B>: <B>diverticulitis of third and fourth portion of the duodenum with perforation</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300014&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Tuberculous monoarthritis after treatment with adalimumab in Crohn's disease</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300015&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. <![CDATA[<B>Uncommon cause of chronic diarrhea</B>]]> http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082012000300016&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors.