Scielo RSS http://scielo.isciii.es/rss.php?pid=2695-507520200001&lang=pt vol. 2 num. 1 lang. pt http://scielo.isciii.es/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://scielo.isciii.es http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2695-50752020000100001&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2695-50752020000100002&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Abstract Cyclosporiasis epidemics are caused primarily by food contaminated essentially with Cyclospora cayetanensis protozoa from Phylum Apicomplexa. National Outbreaks Reporting System (NORS) provides comprehensive monitoring and records for outbreaks in the USA. The pattern of the microbial epidemics could be investigated using statistical process control (SPC) techniques including Pareto analysis and control charts. The incidence of this outbreak is higher in some states more than others, especially Florida and transmitted mainly through herbal food constituents as a vehicle. Process-behavior charts show disease patterns and trends with the rate of occurrence per day 14.4%. Most of illness cases tend to occur in the summer environment except for March in one-year due spiking in the number of affected individuals during a solitary outbreak episode. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2695-50752020000100003&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Abstract Orbital exenteration is a mutilating surgery that involves the total removal of the orbital contents with partial or total excision of the eyelids. It is usually associated with an extremely disfiguring cosmetic outcome which requires some degree of reconstruction before an artificial eye can be placed into the socket. Often times, the orbital cavity needs to be filled with a soft tissue cover especially if the orbital fissures and optic canal is exposed. Free tissue transfer is thought to be the best option in reconstructing complex defect. However, some conditions do not permit a free flap reconstruction to be performed like in a previously irradiated bed as it increases the risk of vascular complications. We present a case of post orbital exenteration who is not suitable for a free flap and wound coverage was done with a paramedian forehead flap as an alternative. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2695-50752020000100004&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Abstract Problem-based learning (PBL) is a cornerstone of modern medical education. Principles of PBL are the construction of knowledge, prior knowledge activation, organization of knowledge, elaboration of knowledge, stepwise transfer across contexts and cooperation with other learners. It provides the ability to identify the knowledge, generate and analyze hypotheses that lead to the differential diagnosis of the case according to the complaint of the patient by using history taking, physical exam, and investigations. Application of any innovation such as PBL faces many challenges and obstacles that are related to the students, tutors, learning environment and other stakeholders. We can overcome these obstacles by more training sessions for tutors and students. In addition, the construction of PBL curriculum should be based on a community-oriented approach because it depends on the priorization of common health problems in the surrounding community. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2695-50752020000100005&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Abstract When a person with a head injury arrives at the hospital, doctors and nurses first check life signs: cardiac work, blood pressure and breathing. For those who do not breathe satisfactorily, a extractor fan may be required. Doctors immediately assess the patient's state of mind and memory. They also test the brain's basic functions by checking the size of the pupils and their response to light, assessing reactions to sensations such as heat and stab of the needle, and testing the ability to move their arms or legs. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is required to evaluate possible brain injury. Traumatic brain injury occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction. Brain trauma is usually the result of a violent hit to the head. An object that pierces the skull, such as a bullet, can also cause brain trauma. Mild trauma can be caused by temporary brain cell dysfunction. More serious brain trauma can lead to bruising, torn tissue, bleeding and other physical injuries to the brain, which can result in long-term complications or even death. Head injuries are the cause of disability and death of people under the age of 50, more than any other type of neurological impairment. Nearly half of people with severe head injuries die. The brain can be damaged even when the skull is not pierced. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2695-50752020000100006&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Abstract Background: Currently, one of the main problems that happens in the treatment by extracorporeal methods of hemosorption is systemic shifts in homeostasis. Among these complications the most significant are blood cells traumatization and hemorrhage. Direct physical contact of blood with sorbent surface causes activation of a multistage reaction of thrombosis. Now, new methods of hemosorption using non-traumatic sorbents are being actively developed. Wide introduction of nanotechnological preparations (magnetite nanoparticles) in clinical medicine allows improving methods of hemocorrection, creating a new class magnetically sorbent. The aim of this study is to know the activity of magnet-controlled sorbent inhibiting the aggregation of platelets in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods: 0.9% NaCl, magnetite nanoparticles of magnet-controlled sorbent (MCS-B brand). Object of research: platelets in relatively healthy volunteers. Quantitative determination aggregation of platelets activity by using aggregometer A-1 was carried out by the Bornov's method in the modification of Zachary and Kinah. Results and discussions: The results of the study showed that the use of NaCl saline solution shifts the colloidal suspension equilibrium of platelets towards a significant (P<0.001) increase in the rate and index of their aggregation. For the first time, the effect of 0.9% NaCl on function of platelets makes us reconsider the concept of safety of infusion solutions in patients with initial signs of platelet disorders hemostasis. On the contrary, the use of MCS-B nanoparticles significantly revealed (P<0.05) an increase in the stability of colloidal suspension of platelets. This is an important pathogenetic factor which affects the occurrence of correction of hemostasis in conditions of blood clotting disorders.