ASO ESCARIO, J. et al. Multiaxial guideline for evaluation of whiplash and associated disk disorders. []. , 20, 1, pp.36-43. ISSN 1988-611X.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1135-76062014000100005.

A multiaxial approach to whiplash assessment is proposed. Following a checklist-like model, the accident, cervical and extra-cervical injuries, premorbid spine status, and psychological-malingering factors are, consecutively, considered. Provided that whiplash is not only a medical condition, but derived also from non-biological elements, the multiaxial model is presented as the best way to approach the forensic and therapeutic problems of whiplash. Remarks are made on the assessment of complementary tests under an expertise point of view, the importance of several whiplash-associated conditions, and the usefulness of using a unified terminology when facing malingering or simulation.

: Whiplash; Multidimensional; Malingering; Whiplash associated disorders; Guidelines; Medical expertise.

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