Introducción:

Esta constatado un aumento de peso postrasplante renal, entre otros factores, por una reducción de la actividad física en los primeros meses, aumento del apetito y toma de inmunosupresores y corticoides.

Objetivos:

Conocer la ganancia de peso postrasplante. Determinar relación entre ganancia de peso y comorbilidades. Evaluar la modificación de la composición corporal.

Material y Método:

Estudio prospectivo, septiembre 2020-abril 2023. Se realizaron mediciones de peso a los 0, 3, 6 y 12 meses.

Resultados:

Se analizaron 92 pacientes, 68,5% varones, edad 58±18,5 años. Peso pretrasplante 72,5 (±5,8), a los 12 meses: 75,10 (±15,7) kg. Se encontraron diferencias entre primero y trasplantes previos (p=0,020).

En el análisis de las varianzas de medidas repetidas de peso (p=0,022), las diferencias se mostraron entre el mes 0 y el tercero, el mes 0 y el año y, entre el tercer mes y el año.

En la masa muscular (p<0,001), se vieron al comparar el mes 0 con 3º, con 6º y con 12 meses. La masa grasa al comparar 3ermes con 12 meses y la grasa visceral (p=0,032), al comparar 3ermes con 6º y con 12 meses.

Conclusión:

Tras el trasplante renal se produce un aumento de peso, especialmente a partir del 6º mes, situándose en un 5% al año. La masa muscular aumenta en mayor medida que la masa grasa. Las personas trasplantadas de donante vivo, trasplante previos, con hipertensión y/o enfermedad cardiovascular tienen mayor ganancia de peso.

Introduction:

Weight gain after kidney transplant has been documented, among other factors, due to reduced physical activity in the early months, increased appetite, and the use of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.

Objetives:

To understand post-transplant weight gain. Indeed, to determine the relationship between weight gain and comorbidities, as well as, to evaluate changes in body composition.

Material and Method:

Prospective study, September 2020 to April 2023. Weight measurements were taken at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results:

Ninety-two patients were analyzed, 68.5% male, with an average age of 58±18.5 years. Pre-transplant weight was 72.5 (±5.8) kg, and at 12 months, it was 75.10 (±15.7) kg. Differences were found between first-time and repeat transplants (p=0.020). In the analysis of repeated measures of weight (p=0.022), differences were observed between month 0 and the third month, month 0 and one year, and between the third month and one year.

In muscle mass (p<0.001), differences were seen when comparing month 0 with the third, sixth, and twelfth months. Fat mass differed when comparing the third month with the twelfth month, and visceral fat (p=0.032) differed when comparing the third month with the sixth and twelfth months.

Conclusion:

After a kidney transplant, weight gain occurs, especially after the sixth month, reaching 5% per year. Muscle mass increases more than fat mass. People who received kidneys from living donors, those with previous transplants, and those with hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease experience greater weight gain.