Abstract

GARCIA-QUISMONDO, Ángel; DEL CANIZO, Francisco Javier; DORADO, Juan  and  SANCHEZ-MUNIZ, Francisco J.. Classical and emergent cardiovascular disease risk factors in type 2 diabetics from the Vallecas area (DICARIVA study). Nutr. Hosp. [online]. 2017, vol.34, n.6, pp.1432-1441. ISSN 1699-5198.  https://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.1425.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a highly prevalent disease with a wide variety of associated metabolic disorders. Objectives: To describe features and prevalence of altered CVD risk factors in a T2DM population: DIabetes CArdiovascular RIsk of VAllecas (DICARIVA) study. Patients and methods: 735 adult Spanish patients of the Vallecas area with T2DM from the Infanta Leonor Hospital (Madrid, Spain) were included in the study. Age, disease time-evolution, anthropometric measurements, glycemia, glucated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid/lipoprotein profile, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol)/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratios, triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), fibrinogen, high sensitivity-c reactive protein (hs-CRP) and microalbuminuria were assessed. Results: Mean, standard deviations, and percentile distributions were obtained in males, females and the whole T2DM population for classical and emergent CVD risk markers. Obesity was found in 45% of patients, while 60% had high cardiovascular risk according to waist circumference and conicity index. Total and LDL-cholesterol were at desirable and optimum levels, respectively, in 60% of patients. One third showed the conjoint presence of low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides and small and dense LDL. Increased levels of hs-CRP, hyperfibrinogenia and microalbuminuria were detected in 40%, 50% and 30% of patients, respectively. Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, hs-CRP and fibrinogen were higher while weight, conicity index, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and microalbuminuria lower in women. According to TyG values 62% of patients suffered metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Altered anthropometric and metabolic CVD risk factors were highly prevalent in the DICARIVA study. The CVD marker cut-off points obtained in some emergent markers seems relevant and would be employed for future early T2DM diagnoses strategy in order to reduce its high morbidity and mortality impact.

Keywords : Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Cardiometabolic risk factors; Prevalences.

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