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Nutrición Hospitalaria
On-line version ISSN 1699-5198Print version ISSN 0212-1611
Abstract
RAMOS-VAZQUEZ, Aniela G; REYES-TORRES, Carlos A; CASTILLO-MARTINEZ, Lilia and SERRALDE-ZÚÑIGA, Aurora E. Body composition by bioelectrical impedance, muscle strength, and nutritional risk in oropharyngeal dysphagia patients. Nutr. Hosp. [online]. 2021, vol.38, n.2, pp.315-320. Epub May 24, 2021. ISSN 1699-5198. https://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.03374.
Introduction:
oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) has complications such as malnutrition and dehydration. Body composition is an important factor for nutritional status.
Objective:
to evaluate the presence of cachexia, phase angle, muscle strength, and nutritional risk according to the type of feeding regimen tolerated by patients, determined with the volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST).
Methods:
this cross-sectional study included hospitalized adults of both sexes with a diagnosis of OD established by the Eating Assessment Tool and V-VST. Nutritional risk status was assesed using the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 tool. Phase angle and cachexia were determined through bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), and functional capacity through handgrip strength (HGS) and anthropometric parameters.
Results:
seventy-nine patients with a median age of 73 years (56-79 yrs) were included; 79.9 % of patients were categorized at nutritional risk. According to the V-VST, 27 (34.2 %) patients tolerated nectar viscosity; 27 (34.2 %) belonged to the spoon-thick and 25 (31.6 %) to the exclusive tube feeding groups. In the exclusive tube feeding group a lower phase angle (3.7° ± 0.9) and lower HGS of 9 kg (-) were observed in comparison to the nectar and spoon-thick groups (in both, 4.6° ± 1.1, p = 0.005), which featured 20 kg (-) and 19 kg (-), respectively (p = 0.03).
Conclusion:
nutritional risk was present in 79.9 % of the study population. BIVA allows to evaluate the integrity of muscle mass and tissue hydration, both related to phase angle. A lower phase angle and HGS were observed in the exclusive tube feeding group. These factors are considered important for prognosis.
Keywords : Oropharyngeal dysphagia; Nutritional risk; Body composition; Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Malnutrition.