Abstract

CEA-SANHUEZA, M.  and  SANCHEZ-SANHUEZA, G.. Oral mesenchymal stem cells: state of the art in dentistry. Av Odontoestomatol [online]. 2016, vol.32, n.2, pp.97-105. ISSN 2340-3152.

Since organogenesis and even adult stages, mesenchymal stem cells actively participate starting and maintaining body homeostasis. In theoral cavity they have been isolated from various structures dental organ such as the periodontal ligament, dental pulp, gingiva, dental follicle and apical papilla meaning a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells which can be characterized according to the minimum criteria set by The International Society for Cellular Therapy that are: a) the adherence to plastic, b) expression of markers CD73, CD90, CD105 and the absence of CD34, CD45, CD14, CD11, CD79, CD19 and HLA-DR (class II ) c) multipotent differentiation capacity to osteogenic lineage, chondrogenic and adipogenic. The objective of this review is to conducta survey of the current status of this issue by a comprehensive review of the literature in the fields; identification through surface markers, isolation through mechanisms of enzymatic or explant, storage digestion with the need to eliminate the use of fetal bovine serum as the culture medium in an effort to move towards therapeutic applications, highlighting new banking and cryopreservation experience in this field such as the cryopreservation of whole teeth thanks to the NdYAG laser technology. And finally promising clinical applications this group of cells through regenerative medicine and tissue engineering both in the field of dentistry and general medicine.

Keywords : Regenerative medicine; oral mesenchymal stem cells; cryopreservation.

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