Background and objective

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) produce fat cell lysis during the treatment of subcutaneous tissue due to thermal effect. In this study, an ultrasound system of low frequency, medium intensity and multiple focalizations was used for reduction and remodeling of the subcutaneous fat layer.

Methods

This study presents the first specific technical analysis of a system which differs from the traditional concept of HIFU energy emission. Ten patients received 3 sessions of treatment, following the same protocol, 3 weeks apart from each other. Patients ages were between 24 and 56 with a BMI <28. Final control was done 3 months after the third session to compare the results with the status at the beginning of treatments. Abdomen circumference was measured, as well as the fat fold using a plicometer. Equal photographs of before and 3 months after the last treatment session were compared. Samples were obtained for microscopic analysis at the 3 points of control of the study, stained with hematoxilin, Masson trichromic and immuno-histochemical techniques. Questionnaires were implemented for evaluation of results by patients, the nurse who did the treatments and 2 doctors estrange to the study.

Results

Plicometry and abdominal circumference measurements found a significant objective and subjective reduction in the abdomen volume, which was also verified by comparing photographs. Histology following treatment showed adipocite changes in shape and membrane lysis. New collagen formation was present in samples taken before the third treatment session. At this control, dermis showed better condition regarding elastosis which was notable less.

Patients' satisfaction degrees coincided with that of the nurse and the 2 doctors. Nine of the 10 patients were very satisfied and 1 was satisfied with the reduced circumference and decreased abdomen volume achieved. Results were maintained 3 months after the last session. No significant adverse effects were observed, only slight erythema and edema at the end of sessions, which disappeared within 24 hours.

Conclusions

The system used in the study, with its particular mode of emission and action on fat tissue, is efficacious in decreasing and remodeling localized fat accumulation, and could be used as a non-invasive complementary treatment to surgical liposuction.

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