Background and objective.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare and partially understood disease that has aroused great interest due to the social and economic impact it generates. Little is known about the possible occurrence of the disease associated with the use of implants in other body locations.

The objective of this article is to characterize and present the cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with implants located outside the breast described in the literature.

Methods.

A review of the literature was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and SciELO databases looking for reports of implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (IA-ALCL) in sites other than the breast.

Results.

Two case reports of IA-ALCL in the buttocks were found in patients with previous augmentation gluteoplasty with implants performed for aesthetic purposes. Additionally, the finding of a greater number of other types of lymphomas associated with the placement of different devices for medical use and the application of gluteal biopolymers in an additional case.

Conclusions.

The existence of a new disease associated with silicone implants in other body sites is possible. The literature is scant and does not allow us to confirm its existence. There must be a high index of suspicion in any case suggestive of the entity for its study, proper classification and timely management. We propose a diagnostic algorithm that can be very useful in patients with gluteal implants who present some associated symptoms.

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