Objective:

The objective was to analyze the health conditions of people living on the streets, in the COVID-19 scenario, based on the contributions of the Environmental Theory.

Methods:

This is a theoretical-reflexive analysis.

Results:

Two categories were developed: The dichotomy between living on the street and the Nightingalian assumptions and; The reality of people living on the street in times of pandemic by COVID-19. The first category addressed the difference between what is experienced by people on the street and what the Nightingalian assumptions say about health conditions. The second category showed the insertion of these people in the context of prevention measures.

Final considerations:

It is of fundamental importance to discuss the access to prevention and health promotion strategies by these people and to promote specific actions for the reality in which they live.