Abstract

CARINI, F. et al. Experimental study on the use of human stem cell therapy in periodontal defects: Preliminary results. Avances en Periodoncia [online]. 2011, vol.23, n.2, pp.97-107. ISSN 2340-3209.

Destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar ridge rerorption caused by periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Therapy of advanced periodontal disease leads for a total recovery of the structure lost by the inability to regenerate the pristine correct anatomy system. The aim of this study is to assess the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of original periodontal structure. This study is an experimental phase 1 approved by the Italian Institute of Health on a limited number of patients; main objective will be to assess the biocompatibility and toxicity in vivo of differentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblast sense, supported by biomimetic collagen scaffolds in patients with severe periodontal disease. The protocol describes transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from samples of percutaneous bone marrow aspirate. The bone marrow cells are manipulated ex vivo to isolate mesenchymal stem cell population. After a phase of cell expansion, these cells are induced to differentiate into periodontal system cell lines in a biomimetic structure (collagen scaffold). Induction and culturation in an appropriate scaffold defined on specific characteristics lead to obtain an uniform distribution of cell lines. After 28 days Scs are grafted into the defect site of the patient. Scaffold degradation time will ensure stability of the different cell lines and reciprocal interaction, in order to recreate the correct structural anatomy of periodontium lost. The purpose is to stimulate the regeneration of PDL near the root wall and new bone formation on the PDL, benefiting from the techniques of bone regeneration, reconstruction, as to recreate the pristine periodontal anatomy. The results presented in this paper concern the first patient treated with this method and will affect following studies for test for a wider coverage.

Keywords : Periodontal stem cells; guided tissue regeneration; periodontal therapy.

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