Introduction

Little is known about dietary patterns among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Peru. This study aimed to determine whether there is association between glucose metabolism disorder and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, vegetables and fruits.

Material and Methods

Secondary analysis of a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Tumbes, a region in northern Peru. The outcomes variables were consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, vegetables and fruits, defined by self-report; whilst the exposure was glucose metabolism disorder status (euglycemic, with T2DM but not aware of diagnosis, and with T2DM and aware of diagnosis), defined by the oral glucose tolerance test. To assess the associations of interest, Poisson regression models with robust variance were created, and prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were reported.

Results

A total of 1,607 individuals, mean age 48.2 (SD: 10.6), and 809 (50.3%) females, were enrolled. The prevalence of T2DM was 11.0% (95%CI: 9.5-12.6%), and out of them, 105 (59.7%) had previous diagnosis. Only 213 (13.3%) reported consuming sugar-sweetened beverages >once/week, whilst 409 (25.5%) and 736 (45.8%) reported consuming vegetables and fruits, respectively. Those with previous T2DM diagnosis had lower probability of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (sometimes vs. never: PR=0.57; 95%CI: 0.41-0.78, and >once/week vs. never: PR=0.39; 95%CI: 0.18-0.85). Both the consumption of vegetables and fruits were similar among those with and without previous T2DM diagnosis.

Conclusions

Compared to euglycemic subjects, individuals with previous T2DM diagnosis had lower consumption of sweetened beverages, but such association was not present among those with T2DM but without previous diagnosis. Vegetables and fruits consumption were not different between the different glucose metabolism disorder categories.

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