Introduction:

Renal transplantation is the best option for renal replacement therapy, due to its multiple benefits, and also allows women with chronic kidney disease the possibility of pregnancy and successful gestation.

Objective:

To identify and synthesise the current scientific production on pregnancy in women with renal transplants.

Methodology:

A systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the PRISMA declaration, in the PubMed, ProQuest, Scielo and Scopus databases. The search strategy was established with the following descriptors: “pregnancy” and “kidney transplantation”. Original articles and systematic reviews in Spanish and English published between 2015 and 2020 were included.

Results:

18 articles were selected. The mean age of transplanted women at delivery ranged from 30 to 34 years and a mean time between renal transplantation and pregnancy of 4.2 years. The most frequent maternal complications were pre-eclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and urinary tract infection, as well as increased serum creatinine and proteinuria. Most pregnancies end in caesarean sections and, among live births, there is many preterm births.

Conclusions:

Pregnancy in women with renal transplantation is successful as long as renal function remains stable and no complications occur. The most frequent complications during pregnancy are hypertension and pre-eclampsia. The most frequent complication in the newborn is prematurity.