Introduction:

The kidney transplant recipient is a high-risk patient for infection due to potential surgical complications and immunosuppressive treatment.

The development of infections poses an increased risk of graft loss and mortality.

Objectives:

The main objective was to determine the incidence of the most frequent infections in renal transplant patients during the immediate post-transplant period. The secondary objectives were to describe the most frequent infection-producing germs and to analyse the relationship between the types of infection studied and their possible risk factors.

Methodology:

Retrospective observational study in renal transplant patients between January 2018 and December 2019 during the immediate post-transplant period.

Results:

The incidence of infection was 69.4%, the syndromes described were urinary tract infection (48%), bacteraemia (9.2%), catheter-related infection (8.2%) and cytomegalovirus infection (4.1%). The main microorganisms involved were Escherichia coli (16.3%), Enterococcus faecium (12.2%) and Enterobacter cloacae (8.1%).

A significant relationship was found between the occurrence of infection and the duration of admission, as well as with the presence or absence of a personal history of arterial hypertension. There was also a significant association between the incidence of central venous catheter-related infection and the length of time the catheter was inserted.

Conclusions:

The most frequent infection found in the immediate post-renal transplant period was urinary tract infection, while the most common micro-organism present in the infectious processes was Escherichia coli.