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Enfermería Nefrológica
versión On-line ISSN 2255-3517versión impresa ISSN 2254-2884
Resumen
ARANEGA-GAVILAN, Susana; GUILLEN-GOMEZ, Irene; BLANCO-GARCIA, Marina y CRESPO-MONTERO, Rodolfo. Psychosocial aspects of the dialysis patient. A literature review. Enferm Nefrol [online]. 2022, vol.25, n.3, pp.216-227. Epub 05-Dic-2022. ISSN 2255-3517. https://dx.doi.org/10.37551/52254-28842022022.
Introduction:
Chronic kidney disease is in the early stages a progressive and underdiagnosed pathology, and in advanced stages it requires renal replacement therapy, dialysis being the most commonly used. Consequently, this has a strong impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of patients, with repercussions on their quality of life.
Objective:
To identify the scientific evidence on psychosocial factors associated with dialysis patients.
Methodology:
A systematised literature review based on the PRISMA statement was carried out in the Pubmed, Proquest and Scielo databases. For this purpose, a series of search strategies were used in which the following MeSH terms were used: “Hemodialysis”, “Peritoneal dialysis”, “Psychosocial factors”, “Psychosocial cares”. The search was limited to 5 years.
Results:
Twenty-eight articles were selected. All except one randomised controlled trial had a descriptive observational design. Several variables emerged as important: altered emotional state, coping, work situation, depression and anxiety, social support and health-related quality of life.
Conclusions:
The main psychosocial aspects associated with dialysis patients were mostly depression and anxiety, and to a lesser extent social support, altered emotional state, work situation and coping. Work situation, depression and anxiety are related to a poorer quality of life, while the presence of social support and the “avoidance” coping style improve the patient’s quality of life.
Palabras clave : dialysis; hemodialysis; psychosocial factors; quality of life.