Introduction:

Organ transplantation is considered one of the greatest advances in medicine, not only for restoring health, but also for improving the quality of life of people with chronic or terminal diseases.

Objective:

To identify graft and renal transplant patient survival and associated factors in a high specialty hospital in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.

Material and Method:

Epidemiological, observational, longitudinal and retrospective study analysing all available records of renal transplant patients whose procedure was performed from January 2010 to December 2018.

Results:

Overall patient survival was 96.7% at 1 year (95% CI:0.92-0.99) and 90.7% at 5 years (95% CI:0.75-0.97). The administration of immunosuppressive therapy prior to transplantation is an independent factor for protection against the outcome of mortality or graft failure (p=0.02). Graft survival was 79.2% at 1 year (95% CI:0.71-0.85), and 41.37% at 5 years (95% CI:0.27-0.54). Dyslipidaemia (p=0.01), type 2 diabetes (p=0.09), cold ischaemia (p=0.01), warm ischaemia (p=0.02), age (p=0.03), and body mass index (p=0.01) were determinants of graft survival.

Conclusions:

Patient and graft survival are distinct. Pre-transplant immunosuppressant administration affects patient survival, while cardiovascular risk factors and ischaemia times were linked to graft survival.