Resumo

SALGADO-PERALVO, Ángel-Orión et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in oral implantology. A critical review of the literature. Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac [online]. 2019, vol.41, n.2, pp.80-90.  Epub 30-Mar-2020. ISSN 2173-9161.  https://dx.doi.org/10.20986/recom.2019.1011/2018.

The high frequency of the implant procedures leads to massive use of prophylactic antibiotic treatments. These prescriptions are not indicated in the majority of the cases, are only based on the experience of the surgeon and influenced by legal reasons. Global increase in bacterial resistance to almost all known antibiotic families cause, not only an increase in the number of infections, but also severe difficulties in their management, which leads to a public health problem.

Available literature regarding prophylactic antibiotic prescriptions for implant treatments shows that the administration of 2gr of amoxicillin 1 hour prior to the surgery reduces significantly early implant failure risk. However, risk of infection is not reduced. Despite this fact, indiscriminated antibiotic use is not justified and it should be restricted to patients that have proven risk of suffering from bacterial endocarditis, immunosuppressed patients, implant insertion in infected alveolous, large surgeries and regenerative surgeries due to the increased potential of mucosal dehiscence and increased risk of infection. Antibiotic prescription in healthy patients without anatomical considerations and with acceptable bone quality is not reasonable.

Palavras-chave : Dental implants; dental implant complications; dental implant failure; antibiotic prophylaxis.

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