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Farmacia Hospitalaria
versão On-line ISSN 2171-8695versão impressa ISSN 1130-6343
Resumo
DIAZ-CARRASCO, María Sacramento; GONZALEZ-HABA, Eva; GARCIA-SOLER, Juana Inés e ESPUNY-MIRO, Alberto. Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Farm Hosp. [online]. 2020, vol.44, n.4, pp.141-148. Epub 28-Jun-2021. ISSN 2171-8695. https://dx.doi.org/10.7399/fh.11328.
Objective:
The present paper provides a literature review aimed at identifying the tumor-dependent factors capable of influencing a subject's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a special emphasis on those that may act as predictive biomarkers.
Method:
A search was performed of the terms biomarkers, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and checkpoint inhibitors in the title and the abstract of the records in the PubMed database. Articles including relevant information on the tumor-dependent factors capable of influencing a subject's response of immune checkpoint inhibitors were selected. Priority was given to studies in humans (clinical trials and reviews) published between January 2015 and June 2019, in English and Spanish.
Results:
The literature review exposed the complex relationship that exists between the immune system and tumors. It also revealed that the factors capable of influencing a subject's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors are multiple, heterogeneous and ill understood, which makes it difficult to obtain simple and/or universal predictive biomarkers.
Conclusions:
The only biomarkers currently used in clinical practice include the expression of the programmed cell death ligand-1 and microsatellite instability/ deficient DNA mismatch repair, but their usefulness is limited. Tumor mutational burden and gene signatures associated to IFN-γ could become useful biomarkers once determination techniques and cutoff points are systematized.
Palavras-chave : Biomarkers; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Programmed cell death-1 receptor.