Resumo

GARRIDO LOPEZ, María del Valle; SESMERO RAMOS, Carolina; ORTIGOSA BARRIOLA, Almudena  e  GRUSS VERGARA, Enrique. Assessment to the implementation of an ultrasound monitoring of autologous vascular access. Enferm Nefrol [online]. 2015, vol.18, n.4, pp.260-264. ISSN 2255-3517.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S2254-28842015000400003.

An adequate vascular access is essential for renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis. Nurses participate in the monitoring of this fundamentally. Autologous vascular access is considered the preferred vascular access, but also the one with more initial complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound for monitoring and puncture of this vascular access. Methods: A retrospective observational study from October 2014 to February 2015 was carried out. Fifty-three patients with autologous fistula were included: 31 already in use and 22 newly implanted vascular access. The use of ultrasound scanner was initiated prior specific training to three nurses and a nephrologist at Doppler echography. Seventy-three ultrasound scans which determined blood flow, venous diameter and depth, anatomical abnormalities and dysfunctions were carried out. Results: Nine newly-implanted autologous vascular accesses with arterial flows below normal parameters were identified. Puncture sites were modified in 8 cases. 9 ultrasound assisted punctures were performed in newly-implanted autologous fistulas. Fifteen stenosis were identified. Two full and one partial thrombosis were confirmed. An association between vascular accesses (VA) younger than 3 months and flows below 500 ml / min was found. Increased percentage of stenosis in radiocephalic VA was identified. Conclusions: The ultrasound scanner has proven to be a useful tool to facilitate punctures and monitoring of vascular access. It identifies new areas of puncture and allows an objective evaluation of autologous AV by ultrasound parameters favoring its monitoring and alerting on possible malfunctions early, allowing early treatment of these. This allows establishing protocols for monitoring in narrow VA during its first three months and in a standardized manner throughout the life of the VA.

Palavras-chave : hemodialysis; autologous vascular access; puncture; ultrasound.

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