Introduction:

Periodontal disease (PD) is a set of inflammatory conditions that affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and has been linked to various systemic diseases, including breast cancer. Although a direct causal relationship has not been established, there are shared biological mechanisms, such as chronic systemic inflammation and oral dysbiosis, that could influence tumor progression. This systematic review evaluates the possible relationship between periodontal disease and breast cancer, analyzing the mechanisms of interaction and the impact of oncological treatments on periodontal health.

Material and methods:

A search was performed in PubMed and Cochrane Library with the keywords "periodontal disease" and "breast cancer", with the Boolean operator AND. Including studies published between 2000 and 2024 that investigated this association.

Results:

A total of 7 studies were selected, including observational designs and clinical trials. Studies have shown a possible relationship between PD and breast cancer, especially in patients undergoing oncological treatments such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors and bisphosphonates, which can affect periodontal health. Some studies suggest that systemic inflammation induced by periodontal disease could influence tumor progression, although genetic studies have failed to confirm a causal relationship.

Conclusions:

PD could be associated with an increased risk of complications in patients with breast cancer, especially in hormonal treatments and bisphosphonates. Although the causal relationship is not confirmed, the findings underline the importance of periodontal evaluation in these patients with breast cancer. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms of interaction and its clinical impact.

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