Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the correlation between the trabecular bone microstructure and bone density, measured by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and implant stability.

Materials and methods:

This study was designed and implemented as a prospective observational clinical study. The bone density of the planned implant site was assessed by CBCT preoperatively. Histomorphometric analysis was performed for the bone specimens harvested from the implant sites before implant insertion using a trephine head. The primary stability was measured immediately after implant insertion while the secondary stability was measured 16 weeks postoperatively using Osstell device. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to determine the correlation between the trabecular bone microstructure and bone density and implant stability.

Results:

This study included 31 bone specimens harvested from implant sites. The preoperative bone density demonstrated a positive correlation with bone volume density (r = 0.735, p < 0.0001) and trabecular thickness (r = 0.575, p = 0.0007), while there was a negative correlation with bone surface density (r =- 0.513, p = 0.003) and trabecular separation (r = -0.585, p = 0.0005). Primary stability implant stability quotient values demonstrated a positive correlation with trabecular thickness (r = 0.520, p =0.002) and a negative correlation with bone surface density (r = -0.431, p =0.015). No correlation regarding the secondary stability was detected.

Conclusions:

The bone volume density and trabecular thickness correlated positively with the bone density measured by CBCT, whereas bone surface density and trabecular separation demonstrated negative correlation. The primary stability correlated positively with the trabecular thickness and negatively with bone surface density.

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