Resumo

SEGADO JIMENEZ, M.I. et al. Post-surgical analgesia in hip surgery: A comparison of three techniques. Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor [online]. 2010, vol.17, n.6, pp.259-267. ISSN 1134-8046.

Introduction: The treatment of postoperative pain after hip surgery is essential for an early start of rehabilitation and for reducing morbidity and mortality. Given that patients are elderly and have multiple medical conditions, local-regional analgesia can be an effective approach. Objectives: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of the fascia iliaca compartment block, the obturator and femoral cutaneous nerve blocks and total intravenous analgesia in terms of level of patient satisfaction, complications, start of rehabilitation and cost in each group. Patients and methods: Prospective study of 90 patients undergoing hip surgery. Patients were randomised to receive intravenous analgesia only, fascia iliaca compartment block or blockade of the obturator and femoral cutaneous nerves. In each group, we recorded visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, satisfaction with postoperative analgesia, time elapsed until start of rehabilitation, need for postoperative analgesics, side effects, and the cost of drugs. Results: Analgesia and level of patient satisfaction were significantly more effective in patients with nerve blocks than in those who received intravenous analgesia only (mean [SD] VAS scores, 2.14 [1.24], mean [SD] satisfaction scores 3.75 [0.8] and mean [SD] VAS scores, 5.57[0.64], mean [SD] satisfaction scores 2.83[0.7], respectively) (p<0.001). Patients with nerve blocks also had a pain-free period of more than 24h (p<0.01), needed fewer doses of supplementary analgesics or other drugs, had fewer side effects (p<0.01), started rehabilitation earlier (31.2 [5.01]h vs 44.62 [7.9]h) (p<0.001), generated less expenditure (€13.26 [€6.34]/patient vs €30.26 [€1.88]/patient), with no complications in the blockade techniques. No significant differences were found between the efficacy of both blockades, VAS scores, level of satisfaction, or the cost between the patients who received a blockade. Conclusions: The nerve blocks were effective, easy to perform, and safe. They afforded numerous advantages: extended period of postoperative analgesia, fast recovery, lower costs, and no complications.

Palavras-chave : Obturator nerve block; Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block; Postoperative analgesia; Hip fracture; Elderly patient.

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