Introduction:

For the last 15 years we have witnessed a steady increase in opioid consumption. Being aware of an undertreatment in certain pain situations, many health care providers have encouraged their physicians to prescribe opioids to avoid unnecessary suffering. Such encouragement, also by means of switching from the traditional paper prescription to the current electronic one, has led to a wide spread in opioid prescription even among those medical specialities which never did before. Besides, new synthetic opioids with apparently less side effects, favourable kinetics and easer to take, might have arosen a wrong impression of unreal harmlessness. Therefore, the increased prescription and its obvious consequence of consumption has led to an alarming increase in the number of side effects, proving our patients not to be so well controlled. We have perceived in our Health Department several different patients with opioid consumption abuse derived from medical prescription with potential life threatening side effects, that´s why we have conducted a medical path for their detoxification.

Aim:

To perform a safe fast opioid detoxification (FOD) in our fully monitored patients.

Method and materials:

To perform our FOD path we previously admit the patients in our ICU unit. After a careful clinical, psychological, social and biological assessment, and having requested their informed consent, we monitor all their vital constants in bed and we start a deep polymodal sedation up to the required level for each patient, getting even ready for oral intubation and mechanical ventilation if needed. Our regular vital maintenance is based on fluids, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, digestive prophylaxis, physiotherapy, urine output and blood tests for 96 hours. Having achieved our goal, regarding the patients are stable, they are discharged to the ward for an additional 48 hours period, with psyquiatric treatment and under the care of the Addictive Conducts Unit. The patients are finally discharged from hospital with a multimodal supervision and treatment conducted by our Pain Unit, Addictive Conducts Unit and Physical Rehabilitation.

Results:

We describe the results achieved with two different drug approaches which combine different pharmacological groups frequently used for detoxification: midazolam, propofol, ketamine, clonidine and naloxone, for our aim of succeeding in keeping the patients opioid-free without endangering their haemodynamic, breathe or biology.

Conclusions:

FOD has proved to be a successful treatment in rescuing the patients from a living hell out of which they would have found it impossible to leave without qualified help. We deem it safe with the right ICU surveillance, since no major complications have occurred, but a thereafter following and help is mandatory, since, like any other patient attended at a Pain Clinic, they require a favouring social and familiar environment to avoid any relapse. Finally, and given our results, we consider this detoxification method right and safe but highly costly in resources.

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