Resumen

CARRILLO PRIETO, Esmeralda et al. Dysphagia and nutritional status in institutionalized elderly population. Gerokomos [online]. 2016, vol.27, n.4, pp.147-152. ISSN 1134-928X.

Dysphagia is a geriatric syndrome due to its high prevalence in the elderly (higher in the institutionalized population) favoring malnutrition and compromising safety because of choking risk by food intake. Objective: To know the nutritional status of institutionalized elderly people with dysphagia, residents in public nursing homes of Toledo. Methodology: Descriptive and transversal study (January-February 2015). Sample: people aged ≥ 65 years with dysphagia from Toledo, residents in public nursing homes. Exclusion criteria: enteral-parenteral nutrition and terminal illness. Variables: age, gender, anthropometric assessment, diet, dietary restrictions, nutritional supplement and nutritional status with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Results: 33 adults, aged: 86.73 years (SD 7.74). 84.84% women. MNA (average): 13.85 (SD = 3.5), risk of malnutrition: 18.18%, malnutrition: 78.78%. BMI: underweight 36.36%. 51.51% do not know if he/she has lost weight, 96.97% dementia, 81.82% ≥4 drugs, 39.4% <3 full meals daily, 27,27% fruits or vegetables <2 times daily, 78.79% <6 glasses daily. 90.9% mobility bed to chair and 78.79% help to feed. Turmix diet: 90.9%, without dietary restrictions: 84.84%. No nutritional supplements: 75.75%. Statistically significant differences: MNA-independent to mobilize (p=0.008), MNA-dementia (p=0.01), MNA-independent to feed (p=0.001), MNA-nutritional supplements (p=0.028). MNA-polypharmacy: tend to malnutrition (p=0.903). Conclusions: In the nutritional assessment of institutionalized elderly population with dysphagia is concluded that the existence of a large proportion of elderly patients with a deficient nutritional status, associated with dementia and increased reliance on mobility and feed.

Palabras clave : dysphagia; elderly; nursing homes; malnutrition.

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