Background:

Pneumococcal pneumonia is a major public health problem, especially in high risk population and older adults. This study assessed the epidemiology of pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalisation among adults in Catalonia.

Methods:

This is a population-based cohort study, including all individual ≥50 years-old assigned to the Institut Catala de la Salut (Catalonia, Spain), who were prospectively followed from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2015. The Catalonian information system for the development of research in primary care (SIDIAP) was used to establish baseline characteristics and risk-strata of cohort members at study start: low-risk (immunocompetent persons without risk conditions), intermediate-risk (immunocompetent persons with at-risk condition) and high-risk (immunocompromising conditions). All hospitalisations from pneumococcal pneumonia occurred among cohort members within 2015 were collected from CMBD discharge data of 64 reference Catalonian hospitals.

Results:

Among the 2.025.730 cohort members the global incidence of hospitalised pneumococcal pneumonia was 82.8 cases per 100,000 population-year (9.8 for bacteremic and 72.9 for non- bacteremic cases). Incidence substantially increased by age (34.9 in 50-64 years vs 88.7 in 65-79 years vs 231.5 in ≥80 years; p<0.001) and baseline-risk stratum (30.1, 119.1 and 240.7 in low-, intermediate- and high-risk stratum, respectively; p<0.001). Overall case-fatality was 4.9% (7.7% in bacteremic vs 4.5% in non- bacteremic; p=0.059). In multivariable models, high-risk stratum and oldest age were the strongest predictors for invasive and non-invasive cases, respectively.

Conclusions:

The burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults is intermediate-low in Catalonia, but large incidences emerge among oldest persons and immunocompromised subjects.

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