Introduction:

Chronic kidney disease is one of the ten leading causes of death in Spain, being an underdiagnosed pathology. Kidney disease and cancer have a multifactorial and bidirectional association. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes estimates a 12-25% incidence of neoplasms. The Spanish Society of Nephrology has set up a multidisciplinary working group called Onconephrology to better respond to these people's needs.

Objective:

To determine the incidence and prevalence of neoplasms in people on haemodialysis, as well as to describe the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer and related variables.

Material and Method:

A retrospective, single-centre cohort study from January 2021-December 2023 in a haemodialysis unit. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from a specific nephrology database and clinical history.

Results:

Thirty patients were detected with some neoplasia: prevalence 31% and incidence 17% (83% men, mean age 73±11 years). 73% dyslipidaemic, 50% diabetic, 93% hypertensive, 73% cardiovascular disease, Charlson index 9.9±2.6 points, 30% obese and 50% smokers. Aetiology of renal disease: tumour-derived (27%) and diabetic nephropathy (17%). Some 7% had a previous transplant. Most common neoplasms: 40% genitourinary-20% haematological. 27% had more than one tumour. Oncological treatment: 33% medical-surgical and 33% chemotherapy-immunotherapy. Mortality was higher in oncological tumours (40%).

Conclusions:

We found a high incidence and prevalence of neoplasms and a high mortality. The results need to be confirmed in prospective studies.