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Nutrición Hospitalaria
versão On-line ISSN 1699-5198versão impressa ISSN 0212-1611
Nutr. Hosp. vol.30 no.4 Madrid Out. 2014
https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2014.30.4.7693
ORIGINAL / Obesidad
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 5 to 14 years in Wannan area, China
La prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre los niños de la escuela primaria de 5 a 14 años en Wannan area, China
Lianping He1*, Xiaohua Ren1*, Yan Chen1*, Yuelong Jin1, Rui Pan1, Ningkai Wei2, Shenwei Qiu2, Wei Lu1, Lingling Ding1, Daoxia Guo1, Linghong Wang1, Zhonghua Nie1 and Yingshui Yao1
1 School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College. Wuhu 241002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
2 Tongling municipal center for disease control and prevention of Anhui province, Tongling 244000, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
* Lianping He, Xiaohua Ren and Yan Chen contributed equally to this work.
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81072367), the Wannan Medical College Youth Fund (WKS201305), the Key Projects Universities of young talents Fund of Anhui provincial (2013SQRL056ZD), the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (090413126 and 1308085MH135), Provincial Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Colleges (KJ2014A265) and Wannan Medical key scientific research projects Engagement Fund (WK2013Z01 and WK2014Z05).
ABSTRACT
Background: Overweight and obesity are epidemic worldwide. The purpose of this research is to estimate whether the prevalence of obesity among primary school children is high, and to identify its potential determinants to optimize the methods of prevention to combat further increases in childhood overweight.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to collect the routine health screening data for primary school children in Wannan area, China. Overweight and obesity status were determined using the International Obesity Task Force standard (IOTF) BMI cut-off points.
Results: A total of 67956 subjects (36664 male and 31292 female) aged 5-14 years were recruited in this study. Depending on the references used (IOTF), the overall prevalence of overweight, including obesity of the subjects was 17.85% , the prevalence of overweight, including obesity was 22.9% in male subjects and 11.9% in female subjects, respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity was3.7%, the prevalence of obesity was 5.2 % in male subjects and 1.8% in female subjects, respectively. An interesting observation made was that the prevalence of overweight was high in male subjects.
Conclusions: Overweight is prevalence among primary school children, especially in male children. The relate department of school and government should take some measure to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Key words: Body mass index, primary school children, obesity, overweight, China.
RESUMEN
Antecedentes: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son epidemia en todo el mundo. El propósito de esta investigacion es estimar si la prevalencia de la obesidad entre los niños de la escuela primaria es alto, y a identificar sus posibles factores determinantes para optimizar los métodos de prevención para combatir nuevas subidas en sobrepeso infantil.
Métodos: Un estudio transversal fue diseñado para recoger los exámenes de salud de rutina datos para la escuela primaria los niños de 5 a 14 años en Wannan Area, China, el sobrepeso y la obesidad se determinaron utilizando la International Obesity Task Force Standard (IOTF) IMC puntos de corte.
Resultados: Un total de 67956 sujetos (36664 macho y 31239 hembra) de 5 a 14 años fueron reclutados en este estudio. Dependiendo de las referencias utilizadas (IOTF), la prevalencia de sobrepeso, incluyendo la obesidad de los sujetos fue 17,85%, la prevalencia de sobrepeso, incluyendo la obesidad fue del 22,9% en sujetos masculinos y el 11,9% en mujeres, respectivamente. La prevalencia global de la obesidad was 3,7%, la prevalencia de obesidad fue de 5,2% en sujetos masculinos y 1,8% de mujeres, respectivamente. Una observación interesante es que la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue alta en sujetos masculinos.
Conclusiones: El sobrepeso es la prevalencia entre los niños de la escuela primaria, especialmente en los niños varones. escuela y Departamento de Gobierno debería tomar algo de placer para reducir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad.
Palabras clave: Indice de masa corporal, los niños de la escuela primaria, obesidad, sobrepeso, China.
Introduction
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity risen steeply worldwide1, 2, Obesity is associated with significant co morbidities and health problems such as breast cancer3, asthma4, 5,diabetes mellitus6, 7, hypertension8, coronary artery disease9, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder10 and occupational injuries11, 12, 13. Previous study showed that the prevalence of obesity in Chinese children and adolescents was considered to be still relatively low14, meanwhile, rapid increasing of both obesity and overweight, in both urban and rural areas would arouse special attention15.
Increasing number of study reported that a high prevalence of obesity and overweight in developing countries undergoing nutritional transition16-18 .These are also a major emerging public health problem in China19, the prevalence of overweight among Chinese students is increasing20, 21 and high22. However, there are lack of the data on prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Wannan area, China.
In this study, the International Obesity Task Force standard (IOTF) body mass index cut-off points established for children was used to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Wannan area, Anhui province, China.
Methods
Subjects and Methods
Participants
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school children for routine health screening in 2013 from Wannan area,China. The area is located in the south of Yangtze River in Anhui Province, which have an area of about 36500 square kilometers and a population of about 9970000. Including Wuhu, Ma'anshan, Tongling, Xuancheng, Chizhou and Huangshan city. By stratified random sampling, a total of 67956 subjects (36664 male and 31292 female) from urban area aged 5-14 years were recruited in this study. All subjects agreed to provide their personal information regarding the purpose and the procedures of our study, and written informed consent. This study was approved by local ethics committee.
Anthropometric measurements
Height and weight was measured by trained staffs and nurse .Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with a standard stadiometer following study protocols, and weight in kilograms was measured in light clothing to the nearest 0.1 kg on an electronic scales. All anthropometric data were collected by trained staff and supervised by the school nurse. BMI was computed using the following standard equation: BMI=Weight in kg/height squared in meter.
Definitions
Overweight and obesity were defined using the International Obesity Task Force standard (IOTF) body mass index cut-off points established for children23. These cut-off points are based on health related adult definitions of overweight (>25 kg/m2) and obesity (>30 kg/m2) but are adjusted to specific age and sex categories for children23.
Ethical consideration
All respondents agreed to take part in this study. According to local and international guidelines on ethics considerations in research involving human participants, this study was approved by local ethics committee.
Statistical analysis
Excel software was performed to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school children. A line graph was draw for the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children by age.
Results
In this study A total of 67956 subjects (36664 male and 31292 female) aged 5-14 years were recruited in this study. The mean values (±SD) of weight, height, and calculated BMI are shown in table I. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for primary school children are shown in table II. Depending on the references used (IOTF), the overall prevalence of overweight, including obesity of the subjects was 17.85% , the prevalence of overweight, including obesity was 22.9% in male subjects and 11.9% in female subjects, respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity was3.7%, the prevalence of obesity was 5.2 % in male subjects and 1.8% in female subjects, respectively. As showed in table III. An interesting observation made was that the prevalence of overweight was high in male subjects (fig. I).
Discussion
In the present study, we use the IOTF body mass index cut-off points to evaluate the prevalence of the overweight and obesity. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of overweight, including obesity of the subjects was 17.85%, the prevalence of overweight, including obesity was 22.9% in male subjects and 11.9% in female subjects, respectively. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was lower than that of previous study14. An interesting observation made was that the prevalence of overweight was high in male subjects, which is similar to the other research24. The cut-off points of BMI for overweight is varying from different standard .We should explore a more suitable standard in future study, for example, World Health Organization growth standard.
Previous study documented that girls in urban areas had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than girls in rural settings. Among the boys, similar but less marked trends were found, except that the rural boys tended to be more overweight on average than their peers in urban area25. Our result showed that the overweight and obesity are more prevalent in boys, the possible maybe that the parents may have more attention on nutrition of boys than that of girls.
Recent evidence suggests that the nutrition transition is accelerating and the outcome of this trend is a rapid increase in hypertension26 and chronic diseases27. Lifestyle transition and socio-economic improvement have contributed enormously to the escalating problem in developing countries28. Especially, lifestyle29 and food variety30 may have an influence on obesity. Lack of health education and less physical training to primary school children may also be linked to its high prevalence. There are some limitations in our present study, lacking the data of type of feeding, characteristics of families and physical activity; we should collect more information in future study.
Conclusions
Overweight is prevalence among primary school children, especially in male children. the school and government department should take some pleasure to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Conflict of Interest
None declared
Reference
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Correspondence:
Yingshui Yao
School of Public Health,
Wannan Medical College.
No.22 Road wenchangxi,
Yijiang district
Wuhu city, Anhui province.
241002 People's Republic of China.
E-mail: yingshuiyao@163.com
Recibido: 19-VI-2014.
Aceptado: 23-VII-2014.