<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-7986</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ORL]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-7986</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-79862020000200009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/orl.21595</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tiroides endotorácico. Indicaciones del abordaje endotorácico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Endothoracic thyroid. Indications of endothoracic approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mª Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>223</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-79862020000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-79862020000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-79862020000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción y objetivo: La incidencia de bocio endotorácico entre los pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía oscila entre el 6% y el 30%. Aunque el abordaje cervical es suficiente en la mayoría de los casos, el abordaje endotorácico puede ser necesario en el 1-5.5% de los pacientes. Por lo que es recomendable anticiparlo. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir los factores predictivos de necesidad de este tipo de abordaje.  Síntesis: Los principales factores de riesgo para la realización de esternotomía en los casos de bocio subesternal son la extensión por debajo del cayado aórtico y la localización retrotraqueal o retrovascular. El abordaje torácico será igualmente necesario en bocios ectópicos mediastínicos sin conexión con el tiroides cervical y se recomendará la valoración por un cirujano torácico en casos de bocio olvidado, así como en pacientes con antecedentes de radioterapia o cirugía cervical y sospecha de malignidad con afectación extra-tiroidea. La elección del abordaje dependerá de la localización, del tamaño de la masa y su relación con los órganos vecinos; los abordajes mínimamente invasivos pueden ser alternativas seguras a la esternotomía o la toracotomía. Las complicaciones postoperatorias más frecuentes de la resección de tiroides endotorácico son típicas de la cirugía tiroidea: parálisis recurrencial temporal o permanente, hipoparatiroidismo, insuficiencia respiratoria y sangrado postoperatorio.  Conclusiones: Hasta en un 5% de las tiroidectomías, puede ser necesario un abordaje torácico, por lo que es conveniente anticiparlo. El abordaje torácico será necesario en casos de bocio con extensión por debajo del cayado, localización retrotraqueal o retrovascular y en bocios mediastínicos sin conexión con el tiroides cervical.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction and objective: The incidence of endothoracic goiter among patients undergoing thyroidectomy ranges from 6% to 30%. Although the cervical approach is sufficient in most cases, the endothoracic approach may be necessary in 1-5.5% of patients. So it is advisable to anticipate it. The objective of this article is to describe the indications if this kind of approach.  Synthesis: The main risk factors for performing sternotomy in cases of substernal goiter are the extension below the aortic arch and the retrotracheal or retrovascular location. The thoracic approach will be equally necessary in mediastinal ectopic goiters without connection to the cervical thyroid. The evaluation by a thoracic surgeon in cases of forgotten goitre will be recommended, as well as in patients with a history of radiotherapy or cervical surgery and suspected malignancy with extra-thyroid involvement. The choice of approach will depend on the location, the size of the mass and its relationship with the neighboring organs. Minimally invasive approaches can be safe alternatives to sternotomy or thoracotomy. The most frequent postoperative complications of endothoracic thyroid resection are typical of thyroid surgery: temporary or permanent recurrent paralysis, hypoparathyroidism, respiratory failure and postoperative bleeding.  Conclusions: Up to 5% of thyroidectomies, a thoracic approach may be necessary, so it is convenient to anticipate it. The thoracic approach will be necessary in cases of goiter with extension below the arch, retrotracheal or retrovascular location and in mediastinal goiters without connection to the cervical thyroid.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bocio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bocio endotorácico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tiroides endotorácico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cirugía torácica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Abordaje torácico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esternotomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Goiter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Substernal goiter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Endothoracic thyroid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thoracic surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thoracic approach]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sternotomy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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