<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0211-5735</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0211-5735</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0211-57352018000100239</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s0211-57352018000100013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Creer en la clozapina: fe y evidencias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Believing in clozapine: faith and evidence]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inchauspe Aróstegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde Eizaguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Salud Mental de San Juan  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pamplona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Servicio Navarro de Salud Osasunbidea  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Servicio Navarro de Salud Osasunbidea Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>133</numero>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>262</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0211-57352018000100239&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0211-57352018000100239&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0211-57352018000100239&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Muchos investigadores y profesionales creen que la clozapina es el tratamiento más eficaz para los pacientes con esquizofrenia. La clozapina se propone como el tratamiento de elección para la esquizofrenia resistente al tratamiento (TRS) en muchas guías clínicas. Sin embargo, los estudios cada vez apoyan menos esta percepción y cuestionan que haya una verdadera diferencia entre distintos antipsicóticos en cuanto a mejoría funcional y recuperación. En este artículo se muestran y discuten las pruebas a favor de la clozapina y se analiza el estudio de Kane et al. (1988), el ensayo en el que la clozapina obtiene sus mejores resultados. Se concluye que, según la investigación actual, no hay pruebas para defender una superioridad relevante de la clozapina sobre otros antipsicóticos. El estudio de Kane muestra una diferencia a su favor pequeña y poco relevante, teniendo además un diseño sesgado que induce los resultados obtenidos. No obstante, nada de esto parece hacer cambiar la opinión y la práctica de investigadores y clínicos. Se reflexiona acerca del porqué de este estado de cosas y se proponen cambios significativos en la clínica e investigación actual en psiquiatría dirigidos al desarrollo de una clínica colaborativa que incorpore las psicoterapias y el apoyo en la comunidad, y se oriente hacia la funcionalidad, la recuperación y la calidad de vida.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Many researchers and clinicians think that clozapine is the most effective treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Clozapine is proposed as the treatment of choice for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) in many clinical guidelines. However, most of the studies do not support this conviction and put into question a real difference among antipsychotics in terms of functional improvement and recovery. In this article, we examine and discuss the evidence of clozapine's higher efficacy; especially, the study of Kane et al. (1988), the trial that found best results for clozapine. According to current research in the field, we conclude that there is no evidence to support clozapine's superiority over other antipsychotics. The study of Kane only shows a small, but not relevant, advantage for clozapine. In addition, its design is biased, somehow inducing the results achieved. Despite this, the beliefs and practices of researchers and clinicians have not changed. We discuss the reasons for this state of things and suggest some significant changes in the clinical practice and in research. These changes are aimed at the development of a collaborative clinical practice that integrates psychotherapies and support in the community, and is oriented towards functionality, recovery, and quality of life.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ensayo controlado y aleatorizado (ECA)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esquizofrenia resistente al tratamiento (TRS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antipsicótico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clozapina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mejoría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[randomized controlled trial (RCT)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antipsychotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clozapine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[improvement]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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