<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0211-5735</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0211-5735</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0211-57352021000100211</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4321/s0211-57352021000100013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cientificismo y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Scientism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Timimi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Psiquiatría del Niño  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Reino Unido</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>139</numero>
<fpage>211</fpage>
<lpage>228</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0211-57352021000100211&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0211-57352021000100211&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0211-57352021000100211&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Para que un diagnóstico como el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) sea útil científicamente, es necesario demostrar que el concepto conduce a un avance del conocimiento en torno a las causas. Para que sea útil desde el punto de vista clínico, hay que demostrar que da lugar a mejores resultados en la práctica clínica. Examino la evidencia disponible sobre la utilidad científica y clínica del TDAH, que muestra que el concepto no tiene una base empírica. La creencia sostenida de que el TDAH existe como categoría natural se asemeja más al cientificismo que a la ciencia. El TDAH es más un hecho de la cultura que de la naturaleza. Puesto que el concepto de TDAH no ha ayudado a avanzar en el conocimiento científico o en la práctica clínica, podemos decir con objetividad que hace tiempo que se pasó su fecha de caducidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: For a diagnosis like Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be scientifically useful you need to show that the concept leads to the advancement of knowledge around causes. For it to be clinically useful, you need to show that use of the concept leads to improved clinical outcomes. I examine the available evidence on the scientific and clinical utility of ADHD. This shows that the concept does not have an empirical basis. The continued belief that ADHD exists as a natural category has all the hallmarks of what scientism, rather than science, looks like. ADHD is therefore a fact of culture rather than a fact of nature. As the concept of ADHD has not helped advance scientific knowledge or clinical practice, objectively speaking it is well past use-by date.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TDAH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cientificismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medicina basada en la evidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ADHD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scientism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evidence based medicine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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