<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112015000400008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3305/nh.2015.31.4.8264</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Metabolic syndrome and its components are strongly associated with an inflammatory state and insulin resistance in the pediatric population]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sindrome metabólico y sus componentes se asocian con insulino resistencia y marcadores de inflamación en poblacion pediátrica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aglony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marlene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bancalari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnaiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fardella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Pediatric Endocrinology Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Department of Endocrinology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Pediatric Nephrology Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Pediatric Cardiology Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Department of Public Health ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>1513</fpage>
<lpage>1518</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112015000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112015000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112015000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Introduction: Endothelial inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) begin in childhood and constitute the pathophysiological basis of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The increase levels in plasma of inflammatory markers such as high sensitive PCR (hsPCR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tests suggestive of IR such as Insulin (Ins) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have been associated with MS in adults, but have not been studied in children. Objectives: Correlate the presence of MS and its components with the inflammatory and IR markers seen in the pediatric population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 337 children (10,9±9,7 years) whose levels of hsPCR, PAI-1, Ins and ALT were determined, along with their association with MS and its individual components. Results: 37 children had MS (10,4%). The frequency of MS components was: abdominal obesity 38,5%, hypertension (HTN) 21,3%, hypertriglyceridemia 17,8%, HDL 21,3% and hyperglycemia 1,4%. hsPCR, PAI-1, ALT and Ins were higher in the presence of MS and increased progressively when components were came together. Conclusions: The pediatric population segment with MS had a higher concentration of hsPCR, PAI-1, Ins and ALT.These levels increase proportionally MS components add up, suggesting that even before diagnosis criteria are fulfilled there is a inflammatory state.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Introducción: La insulino resistencia (IR) y la inflamación endotelial constituyen la base fisiopatológica del Síndrome metabólico (SM). El aumento de los niveles plasmáticos de mascadores de inflamación como PCRus, Inhibidor del activador de plasminógeni tipo 1 (PAI-1) y parámetros sugerentes de insulino resistencia (IR) como insulina, triglicéridos y Alanino aminotransferasa (ALT) se han asociado a síndrome metabólico en adultos pero han sido menos estudiados en pediatría. Objetivo: Correlacionar los componentes del SM con marcadores de inflamación e IR en población pediátrica. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 337 niños (10,9±9,7 años). Se determinó niveles plasmáticos de PCRus, PAI-1, ALT e Insulina y se evaluó su asociación con Síndrome metabólico y sus criterios de forma individual. Resultados: 37 sujetos tuvieron diagnóstico de SM (10.4%). 38.5% presentó obesidad abdominal, 21.3% Hipertensión arterial, 17.8% Hipertrigliceridemia, 21.3% niveles bajos de HDL y un 1.4% Hiperglicemia. Encontramos que PCRus, PAI-1 y ALT fueron más altas en presencia de SM y aumentaban progresivamente a medida que se agregaban criterios diagnósticos. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que en población pediátrica con diagnóstico de SM existen niveles más altos de PCRus, PAI-1, ALT e insulina y que a mayor número de criterios presentes la inflamación pareciera ser mayor lo que sugiere que incluso antes de tener el diagnóstico de SM ya existe un estado pro inflamatorio.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Metabolic syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inflammatory markers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome metabólico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Marcadores inflamatorios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Obesidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pediatría]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>ORIGINAL / <i>Pediatr&#237;a</i></b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="4"><b>Metabolic syndrome and its components are strongly associated with an inflammatory state and insulin resistance in the pediatric population</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="4"><b>Sindrome metab&#243;lico y sus componentes se asocian con insulino resistencia y marcadores de inflamaci&#243;n en poblacion pedi&#225;trica</b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Carolina Loureiro<sup>1</sup>, Andrea Godoy<sup>1</sup>, Alejandro Mart&#237;nez<sup>1</sup>, Carmen Campino<sup>2</sup>, Marlene Aglony<sup>3</sup>, Rodrigo Bancalari<sup>1</sup>, Carolina Mendoza<sup>1</sup>, Jaime Cerda<sup>5</sup>, Cristian Carvajal<sup>2</sup>, Pilar Arnaiz<sup>4</sup>, Carlos Fardella<sup>2</sup> and Hern&#225;n Garc&#237;a<sup>1</sup></b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><sup>1</sup>Pediatric Endocrinology Unit.    <br><sup>2</sup>Department of Endocrinology.    <br><sup>3</sup>Pediatric Nephrology Unit.    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><sup>4</sup>Pediatric Cardiology Unit.    <br><sup>5</sup>Department of Public Health. Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile. Chile</font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr size="1">     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Introduction:</b> Endothelial inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) begin in childhood and constitute the pathophysiological basis of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The increase levels in plasma of inflammatory markers such as high sensitive PCR (hsPCR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tests suggestive of IR such as Insulin (Ins) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have been associated with MS in adults, but have not been studied in children.    <br><b>Objectives:</b> Correlate the presence of MS and its components with the inflammatory and IR markers seen in the pediatric population.    <br><b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional study of 337 children (10,9&#177;9,7 years) whose levels of hsPCR, PAI-1, Ins and ALT were determined, along with their association with MS and its individual components.    <br><b>Results:</b> 37 children had MS (10,4%). The frequency of MS components was: abdominal obesity 38,5%, hypertension (HTN) 21,3%, hypertriglyceridemia 17,8%, HDL 21,3% and hyperglycemia 1,4%. hsPCR, PAI-1, ALT and Ins were higher in the presence of MS and increased progressively when components were came together.    <br><b>Conclusions:</b> The pediatric population segment with MS had a higher concentration of hsPCR, PAI-1, Ins and ALT.These levels increase proportionally MS components add up, suggesting that even before diagnosis criteria are fulfilled there is a inflammatory state.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Key words:</b> Metabolic syndrome. Inflammatory markers. Obesity. Pediatric.</font></p> <hr size="1">     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Introducci&#243;n:</b> La insulino resistencia (IR) y la inflamaci&#243;n endotelial constituyen la base fisiopatol&#243;gica del S&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico (SM). El aumento de los niveles plasm&#225;ticos de mascadores de inflamaci&#243;n como PCRus, Inhibidor del activador de plasmin&#243;geni tipo 1 (PAI-1) y par&#225;metros sugerentes de insulino resistencia (IR) como insulina, triglic&#233;ridos y Alanino aminotransferasa (ALT) se han asociado a s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico en adultos pero han sido menos estudiados en pediatr&#237;a.    <br><b>Objetivo:</b> Correlacionar los componentes del SM con marcadores de inflamaci&#243;n e IR en poblaci&#243;n pedi&#225;trica.    <br><b>M&#233;todos:</b> Estudio transversal de 337 niños (10,9&#177;9,7 años). Se determin&#243; niveles plasm&#225;ticos de PCRus, PAI-1, ALT e Insulina y se evalu&#243; su asociaci&#243;n con S&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico y sus criterios de forma individual.    <br><b>Resultados:</b> 37 sujetos tuvieron diagn&#243;stico de SM (10.4%). 38.5% present&#243; obesidad abdominal, 21.3% Hipertensi&#243;n arterial, 17.8% Hipertrigliceridemia, 21.3% niveles bajos de HDL y un 1.4% Hiperglicemia. Encontramos que PCRus, PAI-1 y ALT fueron m&#225;s altas en presencia de SM y aumentaban progresivamente a medida que se agregaban criterios diagn&#243;sticos.    <br><b>Conclusi&#243;n:</b> Este estudio demuestra que en poblaci&#243;n pedi&#225;trica con diagn&#243;stico de SM existen niveles m&#225;s altos de PCRus, PAI-1, ALT e insulina y que a mayor n&#250;mero de criterios presentes la inflamaci&#243;n pareciera ser mayor lo que sugiere que incluso antes de tener el diagn&#243;stico de SM ya existe un estado pro inflamatorio.</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> S&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico. Marcadores inflamatorios. Obesidad. Pediatr&#237;a.</font></p> <hr size="1">     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a target="_blank" href="http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/nh/v31n4/08originalpediatria01.pdf">http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/nh/v31n4/08originalpediatria01.pdf</a></font></p>      ]]></body>
</article>
