<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0212-1611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nutrición Hospitalaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nutr. Hosp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0212-1611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Arán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0212-16112020000600009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20960/nh.03355</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Importancia de la nutrición durante el embarazo. Impacto en la composición de la leche materna]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Importance of nutrition during pregnancy. Impact on the composition of breast milk]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peral-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[África]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Enfermería Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuenca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Rafael Unidad de Gastroenterología Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Unidad Docente de Química Analítica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>spe2</numero>
<fpage>38</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0212-16112020000600009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0212-16112020000600009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0212-16112020000600009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El consumo de una dieta saludable es esencial durante el periodo preconcepcional, embarazo y lactancia para garantizar la salud maternofetal y del neonato. Es importante tener en cuenta al configurar la dieta materna que ingestas inadecuadas de vitaminas y minerales, así como un elevado consumo de alimentos o bebidas con azúcar refinada, aumentan la incidencia de recién nacidos con bajo peso, mientras que el consumo adecuado de micronutrientes y de hidratos de carbono (principalmente integrales) pueden disminuirla. También el consumo prenatal de pescado se asocia con menor retraso del crecimiento intrauterino. Los déficits nutricionales maternos que conducen a un retraso del crecimiento intrauterino pueden alterar la expresión de algunos genes ocasionando una programación anormal en el desarrollo de órganos y tejidos. Como respuesta, el feto se adapta a esta situación de escasez y puede tener dificultad de adaptación ante un consumo abundante de alimentos después del nacimiento, lo cual aumenta su propensión al padecimiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas en la vida adulta. Después del parto, la nutrición del lactante debe estar garantizada mediante la leche materna. Existe una relación entre el estado nutritivo de la madre y la composición de la leche materna y, por lo tanto, el aporte de nutrientes al lactante, lo cual puede condicionar su salud. Pese a la gran importancia que tiene un adecuado estado nutritivo materno, se observan niveles séricos deficitarios en vitaminas A, E, C, B2, B1, calcio y zinc en madres gestantes y en leche materna, por lo que es importante identificar y prevenir estos desequilibrios antes de la concepción y durante el embarazo y la lactancia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The consumption of a healthy diet is essential during the preconception period, pregnancy and lactation to guarantee maternal-fetal and newborn health. It is important to take into account when configuring the maternal diet that inadequate intakes of vitamins and minerals, as well as a high consumption of foods or beverages with refined sugar increase the incidence of low birth weight infants, while the adequate consumption of micronutrients and carbohydrates (mainly integral) can decrease it. Prenatal consumption of fish is also associated with less intrauterine growth retardation. Maternal nutritional deficits that lead to intrauterine growth retardation can alter the expression of some genes, causing abnormal programming in organ and tissue development. In response, the fetus adapts to this situation of scarcity and may have difficulties adapting to an abundant consumption of food after birth, increasing its propensity to suffer from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adult life. After delivery, the nutrition of the infant must be guaranteed through breast milk. There is a relationship between the nutritional status of the mother and the composition of the mother's milk and, therefore, in the supply of nutrients to the infant, which may condition their health. Despite the great importance of an adequate maternal nutritional state, serum deficiencies in vitamins A, E, C, B2, B1, calcium and zinc are observed in pregnant mothers and breast milk, being important to identify and prevent these imbalances before conception and during pregnancy and lactation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gestación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nutrición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leche materna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pregnancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Breast milk]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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